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Physics 1
Vocabulary for the first half of Physics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Physics | Study of the physical world |
| Scientific Method | Step-by-step method used to solve problems |
| Model | Idea, system, or structure that represents reality |
| Hypothesis | Testable prediction |
| Theory | Explanation based on observations and experiments |
| Scientific Law | Rule of nature without an explanation |
| Accuracy | How close a measurement is to an accepted value |
| Precision | Refinement of a measurement |
| Mechanics | Physics of motion and forces |
| Standard | Exact quantity used for comparison |
| Independent Variable | Variable changed by the experimentor |
| Dependent Variable | Measurable outcome in an experiment |
| Mass | Amount of matter in an object |
| Volume | Amount of space occupied by an object |
| Density | Mass per unit volume |
| Significant Figures | Numbers in a measurement that carry meaning |
| Scientific notation | Method for sharing large and small numbers (*10^x) |
| Dimensional Analysis | Multiplying measurements by ratios to change units |
| Mechanics | Physics of motion and forces |
| Kinematics | Describing motion without regard to forces |
| Distance | Total length of path traveled |
| Displacement | Change in position including direction |
| Speed | Distance divided by time |
| Velocity | Rate of change in position |
| Acceleration | The rate of change in velocity |
| Frame of Reference | Point of comparison used to describe motion |
| Free Fall | Occurs under the influence of gravity only |
| Scalar | Physical quantity with magnitude but no direction |
| Vector | Physical quantity with magnitude but no direction |
| Resultant | Vector that represents the sum of 2 or more vectors |
| Pythagorean Theorem | A^2 + B^2 = C^2 |
| sin θ | Opposite / Hypotenuse |
| cos θ | Adjacent / Hypotenuse |
| tan θ | Opposite / Adjacent |
| X-Component | Projection of a vector along the X-axis |
| Y-Component | Velocity compared to a particular reference frame |
| Projectile | Object under influence of gravity only |
| Trajectory | Parabolic path followed by a projectile |
| Range | Horizontal displacement covered by a projectile |
| Relative Velocity | Velocity compared to a particular reference frame |
| Force | Push or pull |
| Inertia | Resistance to a change in motion |
| Newton's 1st Law | Objects maintain a constant velocity without net force |
| Newton's 2nd Law | Net force = mass * acceleration |
| Newton's 3rd Law | Every action has an equal and opposite reaction |
| Net Force | Vector sum of all forces acting on an object |
| Equilibrium | Condition that exists when net force equals 0 |
| Weight | The effect of gravity on mass |
| Normal Force | Force perpendicular to a surface |
| Kinetic Friction | Force opposing motion of sliding objects |
| Coefficient of Friction | Ratio of the friction force to the normal force |
| Energy | Ability to cause change |
| W-KE Theorem | Net work is equal to change in kinetic energy |
| Gravitational PE | Stored energy due to mass, gravity, and height |
| Elastic PE | Energy stored when objects are compressed or stretched |
| Spring Constant | Stiffness of a spring |
| Mechanical Energy | Total KE and PE for an object |
| Conservation of ME | In the absence of friction, ME remains constant |
| Power | Rate at which work is done |
| Contact Force | Force between two objects that are touching |
| Field Force | Force acting over a distance |
| Static Friction | Force opposing a horizontal force for stationary objects |
| Work | Product of force and distance |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy associated with motion |
| SI Unit of Force | Newton (N) |
| SI Unit of Work | Joule (J) |
| SI Unit of Energy | Joule (J) |
| SI Unit of Power | Watt (W) |
| SI Unit of Weight | Newton (N) |
| SI Unit of Coefficient of Friction | There is none |
| SI Unit for Distance | meters (m) |
| SI Unit for Displacement | meters (m) |
| SI Unit for Speed | meters per second (m/s) |
| SI Unit for Velocity | meters per second (m/s) |
| SI Unit for Acceleration | meters per second squared (m/s^2) |
| SI prefix for 1,000 | Kilo |
| SI prefix for 1,000,000 | Mega |
| SI prefix for 0.01 | centi |
| SI prefix for 0.001 | milli |
| SI prefix for 10 | Deca |
| SI prefix for 1*10^-9 | nano |
| SI prefix for 0.1 | deci |
| SI prefix for 1*10^9 | Giga |
Created by:
16howeri
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