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C. 13 Early African
Social Studies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ________ is the second largest continent | Africa |
| The Niger River, a source of water, food, and transportation, allowed many people to live in __________. | West Africa |
| The northern band across West Africa is the southern part of the __________. It has the world's largest desert. | Sahara |
| The semiarid ____ divides the desert from wetter areas. It has enough vegetation to support hardy grazing animals | Sahel |
| Farther south is a band of ________, or open grass with scattered trees | savannah |
| Rain forests, or moist, densely wooded, are near the _____. They contain a variety of plants and animals | equator |
| West Africa's land produced many crops, such as dates and kola nuts. Kola nuts could be used for ________ | medicine |
| Gold and _____ are also valuable resources used in West Africa | Salt |
| A typical West African family was an _____ family that included the father, mother, children, and close relatives in one household | extended |
| Other than an extended family there was another type of group called ______ | age sets |
| The people who were in the age sets were born within the same _______ years formed special bonds | two or three |
| Every one had specific_____ | duties |
| The men's duties were to hunt and | farm |
| The women farmed and cared for the | children |
| Elders taught ______ to the children | traditions |
| Children started _____ as soon as they were able | working |
| Many West Africans believed that ______ of their ancestors stayed nearby | spirits |
| Another common belief was _____, the belief that bodies of water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits | animism |
| Ghana was created when groups of _____ banded together | farmers |
| Ghana became a powerful state only when it gained control of valuable ______ | trade routes |
| The exchange of gold and salt followed a process called _____. This is a process in which people exchange goods without ever contacting each other directly. | silent barter |
| Ghana protected traders with its ______ | army |
| Traders were not afraid to travel to Ghana. With so many traders passing through their lands, they made money by forcing traders to pay ___________ | taxes |
| The people of Ghana and the small neighboring tirbes they controlled had to pay ______ | taxes |
| Ghana also had rich _______ mines | gold |
| Ghana's kings used their great wealth to build a powerful army and conquered many of their neighbors, especially ones that had ___________ | trade centers |
| To keep order in the empire, conquered _____ were allowed to keep much of their power. | kings |
| Conquered kings acted as ______ of their territories | governor |
| The empire to Ghana reached its peak under _______ | Tukna Manin |
| A Muslim group called the ______ cut off many trade routes, without which Ghana could not support its empire. | Almoravids |
| When the Almoravids moved, they brought ______ of animals with them. | herds |
| The animals the Almoravids took with them ate all the grass, leaving the land ______ for farming | worthless |
| The people Ghana conquered rose up in _______ and took over the entire empire | rebellion |
| Mali was located along the upper Niger River. The _______ helped Mali grow and control river trade, | fertile soil |
| ________, Mali's first strong leader, built up a strong army and won back his county's independence | Sundiata |
| Sundiata conquered _____ and took over the salt and gold trades | Ghana |
| Sundiata had new farmlands cleared for crops of beans, onions, and rice. He also introduced _____ as a new crop. | cotton |
| To protect his authority, Sundiata took power away from others and adopted the title _____ | Mansas |
| Mansas had both ______ and religious roles in society | political |
| The religious role of the mansa grew out of traditional beliefs. According to the beliefs, people's ancestors had made an agreement with the ______ of the land that would ensure plenty of food | spirits |
| ________ was Mali's most famous leader, and he rules from 1312 to 1337 | Mansa Musa |
| Mansa Musa influenced the spread of _____ through a large part of West Africa and had mosques built throughout his empire | Islam |
| Weak rulers such as Maghan could not stop _______, leading to the Mali empire's gradual decline | raiders |
| Once a part of Mali, ________ rose up against it and regained its freedom | Songhai |
| Songhai grew in many ways, mostly due to the work of _____ | Sunni Ali |
| Sunni Ali participated in both _____ and local religions and brought peace and stability as a result | Islam |
| Muhammad Ture overthrew Sunni Baru because he did not support _________ | Islam |
| ______ is the title of the highest military rank. | Askia |
| Askia the Great worked to support ______ and especially supported learning about medicine | education |
| To help maintain order, Askia set up _____ provinces within Songhai | five |
| Because Morocco wanted to control the Saharan ______ mines, it invaded Songhai | salt |
| What new weapon allowed Morocco to take over Songhai, an early form of a gun | arquebus |
| Great Zimbabwe was a powerful kingdom in ______ Africa | southern |
| Great Zimbabwe was founded as a small _____ and herding center in the 1100s | trading |
| Gold mining and farming expanded, and Great Zimbabwe's population grew to become the center of a large ______ network | trading |
| In the 1400's ______ trade declined, and Great Zimbabwe weakened. By 1500 it was not longer a political and trading center | gold |
| Writing was not common in West Africa. People passed along information through oral histories. a ______ record of past events | spoken |
| West African storytellers were called _______. They helped keep the history of their ancestors alive for each new generation | griots |
| In addition to stories, Griots recited ________ (short sayings of wisdom or truth; they were used to teach lessons to the people | proverbs |
| Much of what we know about early West Africa comes from the writings of_______ and scholars from Muslim lands such as Spain and Arabia | travelers |
| Ibn Battutah was the most famous _______ visitor to write about West Africa. | muslim |
| Ibn Battutah writings describes the political and _____ lives of West Africa in great detail | cultural |
| Of all the visual forms, the _______ of West Africa is probably the best known | sculpture |
| Artist carved elaborate ______, which were used mostly for rituals as they danced around fires. | masks |
| Music and ______ were important. These activities helped people honor their history and were central to many celebrations | dancing |
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