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Poetry Notes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| informal | conversational |
| formal | impersonal, formal language |
| metaphor | NO "like" or "as" |
| similie | "like" or "as" |
| extended metaphor | same comparison made throughout the whole poem |
| imagery | stir feelings through senses; sensory description |
| Auditory Imagery | image to sound |
| Gustatory Imagery | imagery relating to taste |
| Olfactory Imagery | images to smell |
| Tactile Imagery | images to touch |
| Visual Imagery | image that relies on visuals |
| Kinetic Imagery | an image of motion |
| Organic Imagery | internal sensations; images that describe an internal feeling |
| Musical devices | sound having effect |
| euphonic | words that work well together and make a pleasant sound; repetition can create euphony |
| cacophonic | unpleasant word sound; creates tension |
| onomatopoeia | words that sound like what they are/do Ex. squeak, buzz, bang. |
| anaphora | repetition or successive phrases beginning w the same words; creates rhythm and emotion; heightens musicality |
| assonance | repetition of the same vowel in nearby words; heightens musicality Ex. t(i)me and t(i)de. |
| consonance | repetition of the same consonant sound within words; heightens musicality Ex. u(n)attached, heave(n)s, alo(n)e |
| closed form/ fixed form | rhymed in a specific scheme, meaning that it is playing by a specific set of rules |
| rhyming stanzas of 4 | quatrains (also used in music) |
| 2 rhyming lines | couplets (always end an English sonnet) |
| sonnet | 14 lines w 10 syllables (beats) per line; rhyme scheme |
| Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet | divided into 2 groups: octave- 8 lines/ situation sestet- 6 lines/ resolves situation |
| English sonnet | 3 quatrains: (12 lines situation) last 2 is a couplet |
| Refrain | repeated line in each stanza |
| figurative language= | abstract (love, death, hate) + something common to reader (similes and metaphors) |
| figurative language | saying one thing and mean another; figure of speech; can blend w another |
| personification/ anthropomorphism | subtype of metaphor; attributes to humans, animals, objects. or concepts; extended personification |
| apostrophe (like personification) | calling out to someone who is dead/ absent as if they could respond (pr to call something not human) |
| conceit | type of extended metaphor where 2 things are compared that are remarkably different; love poems use this for irony and humor |
| Petrarchan conceit | to refer to one's loved one through things not normally used to describe beauty |
| synechdoche | the use of the part for the whole Ex. "boots"= soldiers |
| metonymy | the use of something closely related for the thing actually meant Ex. "Hollywood"= film industry! |
| symbol | can be figurative (connotative) and literal (denotative) at same time; creates depth but also personal connection; richest and most difficult meaning |
| conventional symbol | recognized by ppl to represent ideas Ex. night=death, grief |
| literary/ contextual symbol | goes beyond traditional meanings |
| allegory | narration or description usually restricted to one meaning bc its events represent specific ideas |
| didactic | teach |
| allusion | brief cultural reference to a person, place, thing, event, or idea in history or literature; similar to connotative (figurative): both suggestive & economical; reinforce emotion/ ideas of poet w other works (compact=useful) |
| overstatement/ hyperbole | exaggeration (& sometimes truth) |
| understatement | understatement -.- |
| verbal irony | saying the opposite of what one means (used w both hyperbole and understatement) |
| sarcasm | biting/ cutting speech to hurt feelings |
| satire | more towards literature, usually written than said, to mock/ make fun of something |
| dramatic irony | difference betw. what speaker says and what the poem means |
| situational irony | difference betw. the actual situation and those that would seem appropriate or anticipated to what actually happens |
| sonnet (little song in Italian) | most popular fixed form, 14 lines, iambic pentameter (blank verse), Petrarchan created but Shakespeare perfected |
| villanelle | fixed form: 6 stanzas, 5 tercets, final quatrain, 2 refrains |
| exact rhymes | story and glory |
| off/ slant rhymes | meadow and shadow |
| masculine rhymes | rhyming of only one syllable: decks and hex |
| feminine rhymes | involve 2 or more syllables: turtle and fertile |
| internal rhymes | rhymes and off rhymes within a line of poetry |
| rhyme scheme | form of rhymes- ababab etc. |
| mutes | "more sophisticated", off rhymes, run-ons, changing line lengths |
| open form | poetry that is unrhymed |
| paradox | apparent contradiction that is true, statement: verbal paradox, sit. :paradoxical sit. |
| irony and paradox are | safeguards against sentimentality |
| tone | qualities of the lang. the speaker uses in social situations/ poem and refers to speaker's intended effect |
| poems are | personal |
| speaker | character in poem, may be similar or diff. to author |
| prose meaning | your paraphrase |
| total meaning | what the entire poem is trying to convey |
| syntax | (Greek) to arrange together, grammatical structure of words in sentences; stress, meaning, and feeling |
| word order | to emphasize |
| inversion | switching around words in a sentence w same meaning, can change tone/ emphasis, more rhythm: slowing down |
| parallelism | equal emphasis, similarity in structure of words, phrases, and clauses |
| antithesis | parallel structure to contrast, juxtapose ideas/ images, balance betw, 2 things, connect 2 ideas |
| rhythm | wavelike recurrence of motion or sound, may attract reader, syllables & pauses, stressed/ accented words (in every word of more than one syllable, one or more syllables are stressed) |
| end-stopped line | end of line corresponds w a natural speech pause (sometimes punctuation) |
| run-on line (enjambled) | sense of the line moves on w/o the pause into the next line |
| caesuras | pauses within lines |
| meter | identifying characteristic of rhythmic lang. that we can tap to, equal intervals of time, opposite of free verse |
| unit of scansion | defining the metrical form of a poem is a foot |
| foot | one accented syllable & 1 or 2 unaccented syllables, occasionally only 1 accented syllable |
| to determine if a syllable is accented | compare w others in same foot NOT in other feet of poem |
| measuring metrical verse | line, measure and name based on the # of feet in each line, can also be measured by stanza but not that important unless discussing form of poem |
| turn/ shift | moment of change in action/ emotion of poem, happens generally at end |
| placement/ typography | allows poet to manipulate readers' emotion; short lines=tension, long lines=slow down, somber mood |
| narrative poetry | tells a story, usually long, structured, has characters, plot, and action but may be limited |
| lyric poem | express the thoughts & feelings of speaker in emotional way w/o a story |
| purpose | some poems may have one, multiple, or none |
| satirical verse | comic but dark, detached amusement |
| didactic verse | moral message, can comment on life uniquely |
| sentimental verse | emo. for sake of emo., more emo. than situation calls for (me) |
| rhetorical verse | more glittering lang. than sit. calls for, superficial and trite, lang. w/o emo. or thought |
| ballad | one of the earliest poetic forms, spoken or sung originally, simple, dialogue, repetition, & minor characterization, quatrains; rhyme scheme: abcb, refrain, iambic trimester (trimeter?) & iambic tetrameter |
| ode | formal lyric poem, serious tone |
| elegy | formal lyric poem for someone dead, lament |
| narrative | tells a story |
| lyric | personal impression |
Created by:
daisy98
Popular English Vocabulary sets