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Muscles - Prime Move
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The direction of a muscle's pull is determined by the direction of the___. | fascicles or fibers |
| (True/False) A muscle cannot lengthen itself. | TRUE |
| (True/False) After a muscle contraction ends and the muscle relaxes, it automatically returns to its resting length. | FALSE |
| ___ provide the major force for producing a specific movement. | Prime movers |
| ___ are pairs of muscles which lengthen one another. (extensors and flexors around a common joint) | Antagonists |
| ___ are muscles which assist in a particular movement by adding force, stability, or direction. They are not covered in this question bank in detail, but are involved in almost all movements. | Synergists |
| Synergists which stabilize a muscle's origin so that it does not move during contraction are called ___. | fixators |
| The ___ protract the jar. | pterygoids |
| The ___ pulls the coronoid processof the mandible toward the temple, deep to the zygomatic arch. | temporalis |
| The temporalis ___ the jaw and also ___ it. | retracts, elevates |
| The ___ is the prime mover in jaw elevation, it pulls the ramus of the mandible toward the zygomatic arch. | masseter |
| The ___ has two bellies held together by a tendon which runs through a fibrous loop on the hyoid. | digastric muscle |
| Contraction of the ___ pulls the mandible down toward the hyoid, if movement of the hyoid is prevented by contraction of the ___. | digastric muscle, infrahyoid muscles |
| The ___ pull the mastoid process of the skull toward the sternum and clavivle. When both contract together, they flex the neck. | sternocleidomastoid muscles |
| The ___ pull the mastoid process and transverse processes of C2 to C4 toward the spinous processes of C7 through T6. If the muscles of both sides of the body contract together, the neck is extended of hyperextended. | splenius muscles |
| If the scapulae are fixed, the ___ is also a powerful neck extensor. | trapezius |
| Contracting the ___ on one side and the ___ on the other side results in head rotation. | sternocleidomastoid, splenius |
| Unilateral contraction of the ___ rotates head away from contracting side. | sternocleidomastoid |
| Unilateral contraction of the ___muscles rotates head toward the contracting side. | splenius |
| Contracting the ___ and the __ on the same side results in tilting of the head toward that side. | sternocleidomastoid, splenius |
| Contracting the ___ on one side of the body and the ___ of the other rotates the thorax relative to the pelvis. | external oblique, internal oblique |
| The ___ pull posterior regions of the ribs toward the midline of the abdomen, the pubic crest, and relatively anterior portions of the iliac crest. | external obliques |
| Portions of the ___pull the anterior ribcage toward relatively posterior portions of the iliac crest, and the lumbar fascia. | internal obliques |
| Most of the synergists for the internal and external obliques are fairly distant, they are found___. | along the spine |
| The ___, a pair of segmented muscles, pulls the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of the ribs toward the pubic crest and symphysis, thereby flexing the lumbar vertebrae. | rectus abdominis |
| The ___ pull superior ribs and vertebral process toward relatively inferior vertebral processes and the dorsal iliac crests, extending the back. They are visible in the lumbar region, above this, they are deep to other muscles. | erector spinae |
| When the ___ and ___ on one side of the body contract together, rotation is prevented, and the lateral ribcage is pulled toward the iliac crest. | internal obliques, external obliques |
| Contraction of the entire ___ pulls a tuberosity of the humerus toward the clavicle and scapula. | deltoid |
| For abduction beyond horizontal the ___ and ___ must raise and rotate the scapula, so that the glenoid cavity faces upward. | trapezius, serratus anterior |
| The ___ and ___ act together to pull the intertubercular groove of the humerus toward the ribcage, one pulls toward the front, and the other toward the back. | pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi |
| The ___ portion of the ___ is used to flex the shoulder form the adducted position by pulling the humerus, toward the clavicle | anterior, deltoid |
| The ___ flexus the the shoulder from the abducted position by pulling the intertubercular groove of the humerus toward the sternum. | pectoralis major |
| The ___ extends the shoulder by pulling the intertubercular groove of the humerus toward the vertebral column. | latissimus dorsi |
| The tendon connecting the ___ to its insertion wraps around the humerus from front toward back, so that contraction spins the humerus medially. | subscapularis |
| Thee tendons of the ___ and ___ wrap the humerus from back toward front, so that contraction rotates the humerus laterally. | teres minor, infraspinotus |
| The upper fascicles of the ___ allow us to shrug by pulling the scapula toward the cervical vertebrae. | trapezius |
| The ___ and the inferior fascicles of the ___ depress the shoulder. | rhomboids, trapezius |
| The ___ pulls the radial tuberosity of the radius toward the shoulder, flexing the elbow. Its leverage is reduced dramatically if the forearm is ___, since in this position the radial tuberosity faces away from the shoulder. | biceps brachii, pronated |
| The ___ pulls the coronoid process of the ulna toward the humerus, thus flexing the elbow. | brachialis |
| If the forearm is pronated, the ___ and ___ are the prime movers in elbow flexion, the biceps brachii cannot contribute much force. | brachioraialis, brachialis |
| The ___ extends the forearm by pulling the olecranon process toward the superior, posterior shaft of the humerus and toward the scapula | triceps branchii |
| The ___ wraps around the radius, originating at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Contraction rotates the radius. | supinator |
| The ___ in the arm is also a powerful supinator, since its insertion is rotates to face the shoulder when this muscle contracts. | biceps brachii |
| The ___ pulls the front of the radius toward the from of the ulna. | pronator quadratus |
| The ___ pull the bones of the wrist and hand toward the medial epicondyle of the humerus. | flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis |
| The ___ pulls the posterior surfaces of several bones of the hand toward the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, resulting in both finger and wrist extension. | extensor digitorum |
| The flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis and abductor pollicis longus all contribute to___. | abduction of the wrist |
| The ___ and ___ contribute to adduction of the wrist. | flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris |
| The ___ and ___ both flex the fingers. | flexor digitorium superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus |
| The ___ flexes the pollex | flexor pollicis longus |
| Flexors are on the ___ of the forearm | anterior |
| The ___ and ___ extend the fingers. | extensor digitorum, extensor indicis |
| The ___ and ___ extend the pollex | extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis |
| Extensors ar on the ___ of the forearm | posterior |
| Abduction of the thumb is accomplised by the ___ in the forearm, as well as by several muscles____. | Abductor pollicis longus, in the hand itself |
| Abduction and adduction of the other fingers is accomplished by ___. | muscles in the hand |
| The ___ pulls the femur toward the iliac crest, sacrum, and lumbar vertebrae, thus flexing the hip. | iliopsoas |
| The ___ pulls the femur toward the dorsal ilium, sacrum and coccyx, extending the hip. | gluteus maximus |
| The ___ pull the fibula and tibia toward the ischial tuberosity of the os coxa, with the knee locked, this extends the hip. | hamstrings or biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitedinosus |
| The ___ pulls the greater trochanter of the femur toward the iliac crest, abducting the thigh. | gluteus maximus |
| The ____,___,and ___ together with the___, pull the medial surface of the femur toward the pubis, thus adducting the thigh. | adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor mangus, pectineus |
| The ___ pulls the medial surface of the tibia toward the pubis, thus adducting the thigh. | gracilis |
| Medial rotaion is accomplished by the same muscles that __ the thigh, together with the ___ and ____. | adduct, gluteus medius gluteus minimus |
| A group of muscles in the posterior of the upper thigh and hip, the sartorius in the anterior thigh, and the popliteus in the back of the knee work together to___. | laterally rotate the thigh |
| Prior to knee flexion, the ___ rotates the tibia medially relative to the femur, unlocking the knee. | popliteus |
| The ___,___,and ____ flex the knee. Together, these three muscles are called the ___. | biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimemranosus, hamstrings |
| The ___, ___, and ___ pull the tibial tuberosity toward the proximal femur, extending the knee. | vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus meidalis |
| The ___ pulls the tibial tuberosity toward the ilium, extending the knee. | rectus femoris |
| The four muscles which together constitute the quadriceps are the ___, ____, ___, and ___. | vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, rectus femoris |
| The ___ pulls the calcaneus toward the distal end of the femus, plantar flexing the ankle. It is most powerful when the knee is straight. | gastrocneumius |
| The ____ pulls the calcaneus toward the proximal ends of the tibia and fibula, plantar flexing the ankle. | soleus |
| Forced expulsion during childbirth, vomiting, and forced exhalation are all accomplished by increasing____. | intra-abdominal pressure |
| If the bladder or anal sphincters are weak, involuntary "forced expulsion" of urin or feces may occur whenever ___ is increases. | intra-abdominal pressure |
| The ___ lifts the anal canal to resist intra-abdominal pressure. | levitor ani muscle |
| The ___ consists of the urethra and inhibits urination | sphrincter uethrae |
| The ___ constricts the anus and inhibits defecation | external and sphincter |
| The ___ and ___ retard blood drainage from the penis or clitoris allowing eraction | ischiocavernous, bulbospongiosus |
| The ___ forms the lower muscular boundary to the abdominopelvic cavity, its two major muscles, the ___ and ___, contract to resist intra-abdominal pressure and to support the abdominal and pelvic organs. | pelvic diaphram, levator ani, coccygeus |
| The most important function of the supraspinatur, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis is to prevent___. | dislocation of the humerus |
| The glenoid cavity is so shallow and the range of motion so great that the shoulder is held together primarily by the tendons of the muscles that surround it. The four muscles whose tendons contribute the most stability are together called the ___. | rotator cuff |
| The four muscles which comprise the rotator cuff are the ___,___,___ and ____, | supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapilaris |
| Together, the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles are known as the ___. | triceps surae |
| The ___ pulls the foot toward the lateral tibial condyle and proximal tibia, dorsiflexing the ankle. | tibialis anterior |
| The ___ pulls the medial edge of the foot toward the superior tibia and fibula via a tendon adjacent to the medial malleolus, inverting the foot. | tibialis posterior |
| The ___,___ and ___ pull the lateral edge of the foot toward the lateral surface of the fibula, everting the food. | fibularis longus, fibularis brevis, fubularis tertius |
| The four smaller toes are flexed by the action of the ___, whose tendon passes through a fibrous band at the ankle which serves as a pulley before reaching the toes. | flexor digitorum longus |
| The hallux (great toe) is flexed by the ___, whose tendon passes through a fibrous band at the ankle which serves as a pulley before reaching the toes. | flexor hallucis longus |
| Several muscles in ___ also play a role in toe flexion. | the foot itself |
| The four smaller toes are extended by the action of the ___, whose tendon passes through a fibrous band at the ankle which serves as a pulley before reaching the toes. | extensor digitorium longus |
| The hallux (great toe) is extended by the ___, whose tendon passes through a fibrous band at the anke which serves as a pulley before reaching the toes. | extensor hallucis longus |
| Abduction and adduction of the toes is accomplished by ____, although important, these are beyond the scope of the question bank. | muscles in the foot |
| The ____ raises the eyebrows. | epicranius |
| The ___ pulls the eyebrows together into a frown. | corrugator supercilli |
| One winks, blinks, or squints by contracting the ____. | orbicularis oculi |
| The corners of the mouth are raised during a smile by the ___ and ___. | zygomaticus, risorius |
| We raise the upper lip to show the font teeth by contracting the ___. | levator labii superioris |
| To pout, we contract the ___ and ____. | depressor labii inferioris, mentalis |
| To pull the outer corners of the mouth down into a grimace, we contract the ___. | depressor anguli oris |
| To purse the lops when we want to kiss or whistle, we contract the___. | orbicularis oris |
| To widen the mouth, or compress puffed cheeks, we contract the ___. | buccinator |
| The ___ pulls the mouth down, tensing the skin of the neck. | platysma |
| The prime mover for inspiration (breathing in) is the ____, which presses into the abdominal cavity, expanding the thoracic cavity as it does. | diaphragm |
| The ___ assist in inspiration. | external intercostals |
| The ___ draw ribs together during forced exhalation, but for forced expiration, the ___ are used to increase intra-abdominal pressure. | internal intercostals, abdominal muscles |
| Thee bulk of the crushing force applied by the jaw during mastication is provided by the ___. | masseter |
| In order to manipulate food, the shape of the mouth and position of the tongue must be___. | changed continuously |
| The ___ pushes food from the cheek to the center of the mouth. | buccinator |
| The extrinsic tongue muscles (primarily the ___, ___, and ___) control the position of the tongue. | geniglossus, the styloglossus, and the hypoglossus |
| The ___ control the shape of the tongue. | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| The muscles used for mastication are also used for__. | speaking |
| In the first stage of swallowing, the ___ widen the pharynx and close the larynx by pulling the hyoid bone forward and upward. | suprahyoid muscles |
| In the second stage of swallowing, the ___ and ___ close the nasal passage by elevating the soft palate. | tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatni muscles |
| In the third stage of swallowing, the __ propel the food into the esophagus. | pharyngeal constrictor muscles |
| In the fourth stage of swallowing, the __ pull the hyoid bone and larynx down to their original positions. | infrahyoid muscles |
| Intra-abdominal pressura is increased by contraction of the ___, and ___ and __, the ___ and the___. | rectus abdomis, internal, external oblliques, transversus, abdomis, diaphragm |
| If the breath is held and ___ is increased, the entire trunk serves as a supportive column many times stronger than the spine itself so that heavy weights can be lifted. | intra-abdominal pressure |
| Most medial muscle of the neck; thin; depresses larynx | Sternohyoid |
| Slender muscle that parallels the posterior belly of the digastric muscle; elevates and retracts hyoid bone | stylohyoid |
| Consists of two bellies united by an intermediate tendon; prime mover to open the mouth; also depresses mandible | digastric |
| Lateral and deep to sternohyoid; pulls thyroid cartilage inferiorly | sternohyroid |
| Flat triangular muscle deep to digastric; elevates hyoid, enabling tongue to force food bolus into the pharynx | mylohyoid |
| Narrow muscle in the midline running from chin to hyoid; widens pharynx for receiving food as it elevates the hyoid bone | geniohyoid |
| Superior continuation of the sternothyroid | thyrohyoid |
| Squints the eyes | Orbicularis oris |
| Furrows the forehead horizontally | frontal belly of the epicranius |
| Smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| Puckers the lips | Orbicularis oris |
| Draws the corners of the lips laterally and downward | depressor angulions |
| Pulls the scalp posteriorly | occipital belly of the epicranius |
| Tensed during shaving of the chin and neck | platysma |
| Used to show you're happy | zygomaticus |
| Well developed in a clarinet player; holds food between the teeth | buccinator |
| Used in winking | orbicularis oculi |
| Used to raise your eyebrows | frontal belly of the epicracius |
| The "kissing" muscle | orbicularis oris |
| Prime mover of jaw closure | masseter |
| Synergist muscle for jaw closure; elevates and retracts the mandible | temproalis |
| Posterior neck muscle, called the "bandage" muscle | splenius |
| Prime mover of head flexion, a two-headed neck muscle | sternocleidomastoid |
| Protrudes the mandible; side-to-side grinding movements | pterygoid |
Created by:
jacksmac9638