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Physics
Review Questions for Chapter 5-8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| According to the impulse-momentum equation FT = change in (mv), a person will suffer less injury falling on a wooden floor which "gives" than on a moe rigid cement floor. The "F" in the above equation stands for the force exerted on the...? | Either the force on the person or the force on the floor |
| Recoil is noticeable if we throw a heavy ball while standing on roller skates. If instead we go through the motions of throwing the ball but hold onto it, our net recoil will be | zero |
| A moving object has...? | all of these. energy, speed, velocity, momentum |
| Strictly speaking, more fuel is consumed by your car if an air conditioner, headlights, or even a radio is turned on. This statement is.....? | almost always true. |
| An open freight car rolls friction free along a horizontal track in a pouring rain that falls vertically. As water accumulates in the car, the car's speed...? | decreases |
| The conservation of momentum is most closely related to....Which newton's law? | Newton's 3rd law. Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first. |
| If you push an object twice as far while applying the same force, you do......? How much work? | Twice as much work. |
| How many Jourles of energy are in one kilowatt-hour? | 3.6 million |
| An astronaut, floating in space, throws a ball as massive as herself toward her nearby spaceship. If the ball bounces back toward her without losing speed, her best choice at that time is to....? | There's nothing she can do except hope that the spaceship pilot is able to rescue her somehow. |
| An object lifted 10 meters gains 200J of potential energy. If the same object is lifted 20 meters, its potenial energy gain is | Twice as much. PE = mgh (mass, gravity, & height) |
| A large metal ball is shot from a cannon with a short barel. If the same ball were to be shot from cannon with a longer barrel, its muzzle velocity would be.....less, more, or same? | more |
| When you jump from an elevated position you usually bend your knees upon reaching the ground. By doing this, you make the time of the impact about 10 times as great as for a stiff-legged landing. In this way the average force your body experiences is??? | about 1/10 as great. |
| A heavy truck and a small car rolling down a hill at the same speed are forced to stop in the same amount of time. Compared to the force that stops the car, the force needed to stop the truck is..? smaller, greater, or same? | greater |
| A ball rolling down an incline has its minimum speed...? near the top, end, or half way down the incline? | near the top of the incline |
| If you do work on a n object in one-third the usual time, your power output is ....? | three times the usual power output. Work = theta KE and KE is 1/2 mv squred. |
| A 1N apple falls to the ground. The apple hits the ground with an impact force of about........ | not enough information given to say. |
| A bullet has more kinetic energy than the recoiling rifle from which it is fired is because the force on the bullet acts over a ....? longer time, distance, or both? | longer distance |
| A ball rolling down an incline has its maximum kinetic energy at.....? 3/4 down, at the top, halfway down, or at the bottom? | the bottom |
| car a head-on collision w another car that was approaching w the same magitude of momentum. Third identical car driving w the same speed as the 1st car runs into an enormously massive wall. Which of the four objects will experience the grestest impulse? | All will receive the same impulse. wall, the 2nd car, the approaching car, & third car. (Impulse = ft) |
| The total momentum of a flock of identical birds could be zero only if the birds are....? flying same direction, different directions, taking off from ground, or coming down to rest? | flying in different directions. |
| A rifle recoils while firing a bullet. The speed of the rifle's recoil is small because the...? Momentum of rifle is smaller, rifle has more mass than bullet, force against rifle is smaller than bullet, or momentum is mainly concentrated in the bullet? | rifle hs much more mass than the bullet |
| Neglecting friction, a small ball and a similar large ball, at rest, are allowed to roll down an incline for only one second. At this instant, the large ball will have a greater?....speed, PE, KE, all of the above? | potential energy |
| One end of a long, uniform log is raised to shoulder level. Another identical log is raised at its center to the same level. Raising the second log requires about...? more than twice as much work, twice as much work, or same amount? | twice as much work. (W=fd) (there's more force) |
| If an object has kinetic energy, then it also must have....? acceleration, momentum, impulse, force, none of these? | momentum (momentum = mv) |
| An object at rest may also have? KE, speed, momentum, velocity, or PE? | Potential energy. (PE = mgh) |
| After rolling halfway down an incline a marble's kinetic energy is...? same as its PE, greater than its PE, Less than its PE, impossible to determine? | the same as its potential energy (KE= 1/2 mv squared, PE = mgh) |
| If the speed of a moving object doubles, which of the following also doubles? KE, Momentum, acceleration, all of the above? | momentum |
| Two pool balls, each moving at 2 m/s roll toward each other and collide. Suppose after bouncing apart, each moves at 4 m/s. This collision violates conservation of ? energy, momentum, both or none? | energy (Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy never changes. |
| You're driving down the highway and a bug spatters into your windshield. Which undergoes the greater change in momentum during the time of contact? the bug, car, or both the same | both the same. |
| When bullets are fired from an airplane in the forward direction, the momentum of the airplane will be? increased, decreased, or unchanged. | decreased |
| A feather and a coin dropped in a vacuum fall with equal...? momenta, KE, forces, accelerations? | accelerations. |
| A car traveling along the highway needs a certain amount of force exerted on it to stop it in a certain distance. More stopping force is required when the car has.....less stopping distance, more momentum, more mass, all, none? | all of these. Less stopping distance, more momentum, more mass. |
| A job is done slowly, while an identical job is done quickly. Both jobs require the same amount of work, but different amounts of ..? power, energy, effort, none of these | power. (The rate of doing work: Power = work done/time interval) (work = thetaKE) |
| Newton discovered? gravity, that gravity is universal, or neither? | that gravity is universal |
| For the astronauts inside the orbiting space shuttle, there is no force of Earth gravity acting on them. The statement is ? sometimes true while in orbit, always false, always true while in orbit? | always false |
| What is the force of gravity on a 500-newton woman standing on the Earth's surface? | 500N |
| A rocket coasts in an elliptical orbit about the Earth. To attain escape velocity using the least amount of fuel in a brief firing time, should it fire off at the apogee, or at the perigee (Hint: "Fd = change in KE" guide your thinking) | Peigee, where it is closest and fastest. (FYI apogee, is where it is farthest and slowest) |
| Two objects move toward each other because of gravity. As the objects get closer and closer, the force between them...? increases, decreases & then increases, increases & then decreases, decreases, or remains same | increases |
| How far must one travel to get away from the Earth's gravitational field? | Forget it; you can't travel far enough |
| A woman on the surface of the Earth has a mass of 50kg and a weight of 490 newtons. If the woman were floating freely inside a space habitat for away from Earth, she would have..? less weight same mass, less weight & less mass, less weight & more mass, m | less weight and the same mass. |
| A hollow spherical planet is inhabited by people who live inside it, where the gravitational field is zero. When a very massive space ship lands on the planet's surface, inhabitants find that the gavitational field inside the planet is...? | non-zero, directed toward the spaceship |
| What prevents satellites suc as the space shuttle from falling? | Nothing; they are continually falling as they orbit the Earth. |
| supplier want to make a profit by buying metal by weight at one altitude & selling it at the same price per pound at another altitude. The supplier should...?disregard alt cause it makes no difference, buy at low alt & sell high, buy at high alt & sell | buy at a high altitude and sell at a low altitude. |
| An object is dropped and freely falls to the ground with an acceleration of 1g. If it is thrown upward at an angle instead, its acceleration will be? 0g, 1g downward, larger than 1g, 1g upwards, none of these | 1 g downward |
| A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff. One second after it has left your hand itws vertical distance below the top of the cliff is..? 10m, 5 m, 15m? | 5 m. |
| The force of gravity does work on a satellite when it is in..?circular orbit, elliptical orbit, both, neither | elliptical orbit. (If a projectile just above the drag of the atmosphere is given a horizontal speed somewhat greater than 8 km/s, itg will overshoot a circular path and trace an oval path caled an ellipse. |
| It takes Pluto longer time to orbit the sun than the Earth does because Pluto..? has much further to go, goes much slower, both, neigther? | both. Has much further to go and goes much slower than Earth. |
| Half way to the center of a planet of uniform density, your weight compared to at the surface would be? 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, same as at the surface, zero | one half |
| Earth satellites are typically more than 100 km high so as to be above the Earth's ? gravitational field, atmosphere, both? | atmosphere |
| Acceleration is greater for a satellite when it is at the..?zenith, apogee, perigee, same at all the places | perigee (Point in an elliptical orbit closes to the focus about which orbiting takes place.) |
| Aceleration due to gravity on the moon is less than on Earth, and the moon is smaller than Earth. So compared to an Earth satellite, a satellite inclose orbit about the moon would travel..? slower, faster, same, not enough info? | slower |
| The amount of gravitational force that acts on the space shuttle while in orbit is ? the same as the shuttle's weight on Earth surface, nearly zero, almost as much as the shuttle's weight on the Earth's surface | almost as much as the shuttle's weight on the Earth's surface. |
| Two objects move toward each other because of gravity. As the objects get closer and closer, the acceleration of each..? remains constant, increases, decreases? | increases |
| A rock is thrown upward at 50 degrees with respect to the horizontal. As it rises, its horizontal component of velocity..? remains unchanged, increases, decreases? | remains unchaged. |
| Half way to the center of a completely hollow planet with a thin uniform shell, your weight there compared to your weight on the outer surface would be..? same as at the surface, 1/2, 1/4, 3/4, zero? | zero |
| A black hole is...? An empty region of space with a huge gravitational field, or simply the remains of a giant star that has undergone gravitational colapse, or a small region that contains the mass of many galaxies. | Simply the remains of a giant star that has undergone gravitational collapse. |
| From Earth, one satellite appears to overtake another. The faster satellite is...? higher, smaller, lower, can't say? | lower |
| If your mass, the mass of the Earth, and the mass of everything in the solar system were twice as much as it is now, yet everything stayed the same size, your weight on Earth would....? double, quadruple, 8 times as much now, same, none of these? | quadruple. |
| If the sun were twice as massive...?its pull on the Earth would double, the pull of the Earth on the sun would double, both, neither | both. |
| If the sun collapsed to a black hole, the Earth's gravitational attraction to it would be...? less, more, same? | the same |
| The speed of the planets about the sun depend on...? their periods of rotation, their distances from sun, the masses of the planets, or non of these? | their distances from the sun. |
| What prevents satellites such as a space shuttle from falling? absence of air drag, gravity, nothing; they're falling continuously all around the Earth. | Nothing; they're falling continuously all around the Earth |
| A hunter on level ground fires a bullet at an angle of 10 degrees above the horizontal while simultaneously dropping another bulet from the level of the rifle. Which bullet will hit the ground first? | the dropped one |
| A weight watcher who normally weighs 400N stands on top of a very tall ladder so she is one Earth radius above the Earth's surface. How much would she weight there? 100N, 0, 400N, 200N, none of these? | 100N |
| airplane flies at 40 m/s at an altitude of 50 met. The pilot drops a heavy package which falls to the ground. Where, approximately, does the package land relative to the plane's new position? 400m behind, more than 500m behind, beneath the plane, 500 | beneath the plane |
| The concept of force is not fundamental to...? Einsteins theory of gravitation, Newton's theory of gravitation, both, neither | Einstein's theory of gravitation |
| A "weightless" astronaut in an orbiting shuttle is....? beyond the pull of gravity, shielded from Earth's gravitational field, like the shuttle & pulled by Earth's gravitation, pulled only by gravitation to the shuttle which cancels the Earth's gravitatio | like the shuttle, pulled by Earth's gravitation |
| If the mass of the Earth somehow increased with no change in radius, your weight would...? increase also, stay the same, decrease | increase also |
| The force of gravity acts on all apples on an apple tree. Some apples are twice as far from the ground as other. These twice-as-high apples, for the same mass, have...? 1/2 the weight, 1/4, or practically the same weight | practically the same weight |
| If a block is set sliding on a huge frictionless plane in contact with the Earth, it will NOT continue to move at constant speed because...? | gravity will pull in a non-perpendicular direction as the block gets farther out on the plane |
| Which would require the greater energy; slowing down of the orbital speed of the Earth so it crashes into the sun, or speeding up the orbital speed of the Earth so it escapes the sun? | speeding up |
| The factor most directly responsible for making a black hole invisible is its...? mass, surface escape velocity, size, color, none of these? | surface escape velocity |
| Rockets that launch satellites into orbit need less thrust when fired from? Edwards Air Fprce Base in Calif, Cape Canaveral, Hawaii, These locations do not bear on the required rocket thrust? | Hawaii |
| The plaet Jupiter is about 300 times as massive as Earth, yet on its surface you would weigh only about 3 times as much. This is because...?Jupiter is significantly farther from sun, Jupiter's radius is 10 times the Earth's radius, you are 100 times mo | Jupiter's radius is 10 times the Earth's radius. |
| The depth to which an invered drinking glass must be pushed beneath the surface of water so that the volume of enclosed air is squeezed to half is...10.3m, 14.7 m, 76 cm, 20.6m 29.4m | 10.3m |
| When a boat sails from fresh water to salt water, the boat will float...? higher in the water, lower in the water, at the same water level? | higher in the water |
| Ice cubes submerged at the bottom of a liquid indiate that the liquid...? is warmer than the ice, is less dense than ice, produces no buoyant force on the ice, has dissolved air, is not displaced by the submerged ice? | is less denise than ice. |
| As a balloon rises higher andhigher into the atmosphere, its..?volume decreases, weight increases, mass decreases, density increases, none | none of these |
| A helium-filled balloon released in the atmosphere will rise until..?atmospheric pressure on the bottom of the balloon equals atmospheric pressure on the top of the balloon.., or the balloon and surrounding air have equal densities, all, or none? | the balloon and surrounding air have equal densities. |
| Airplane flight besst illustrates..?Boyle's law, Bernoulli's principle, Archimedes' principle, or Pascal's principle? | Bernoulli's principle (The pressure in a fluid moving steadily without friction or outside energy input decreases when the fluid velocity increases.) |
| Blood pressure isnormally greater in your..? feet, ears, same? | feet |
| The reason that buoyant force acts upward on a submerged object is that... | upward pressure against the bottom is greater than downward pressure against the top of the submerged object. |
| The volume of water displaced by a floating 20-ton boat..? is the volume of 20 tons of water, is 20 cubic meters, depends on the shape of the ship's hull, is the volume of the boat, none | is the volume of 20 tons of water |
| A block of wood half as dense as water floats withhalf its volume above water. A piece of iron is then tied on top so the wood floats w only 1/4 its volume above the surface. If the wood and iron are turned over so that the iron is submerged beneath the | wood, then the volume of wood above the water surface will be... the same 1/4, less than 1/4, more than 1/4, no way to say. It will be more than 1/4. (this is the answer to continued question) |
| A liter-sized block of ordinary wood floats in water. The amount of water displaced is..?more than 1 liter, less than 1 liter, 1 liter, depends on the water density, none? | less than 1 liter |
| The Bernoulli effect causes passing ships to be drawn together when the ships are close and moving in...? same direction, opposite direction, either? | either the same or opposite direction |
| A block of wood with a piece of iron tied to the top of its floats in a bucket of water. If the wood and iron are turned over so that the iron is submerged beneath the wood, the water level at the side of the bucket..? falls, rises, remains the same? | remains the same? |
| Three iceberegs are each floating in bathtubs filed to the brim with water. Ice berg A has large air bubbles in it. Iceberg B has unfrozen water in it. Iceberg C has an iron railroad spike in it. When the ice melts, what happens? | The water level in C will decrease while the other two water levels will remain the same. |
| If a strong wind from the west breaks a window in the north wall of a house, most of the glass will fall? inside house, upward, outside house? | outside of the house. |
| A fish normally displaces its own..? volume of water, weight of water, both, neither? | both volume of water and its own weight of water. |
| The reason a life jacket helps you float is....? | the density of both you and the jacket together is less than your density alone. |
| Two life preserverws have identical volumes, but one is filled with styofoam while the other is filed with sand. When the wo life preservers are worn by swimmers so that one swimmer foats with part of the preserver above water,and the other swimmer.... | sinks, the buoyant force is actually greater on teh life preserver filled with..? styrofoam, sand, same? answer is... Sand |
| Water pressure is greatest against the ? sides of a submerged object, top of a submerged object, bottom of a submerged object, same all surfaces, none? | bottom of a submerged object |
| The weight of a 1 squar meter column of air that extends from sealevel to the top of the atmosphere is...?101N, 10,100N, 101,00,000,N, 101,000 N | 101,000 N |
| A block of styrofoam floats on water while a same size block of lead lies sumerged in the water. The buoyant force is greatest on the..? lead, styrofoam, is the same for both | lead |
| A floating ice cube contains small pieces of iron. Durng melting the water level will..? rise, fall, remain unchanged? | fall |
| Atmospheric pressure is caused by the ..? density of the atmosphere, weight of the atmosphere, effect of the sun's energy on the atmosphere, temperature of the atmosphere? | weight of the atmosphere |
| A completely submerged object always displaces its own...? density of fluid, weight of fluid, volume of fluid, all, none? | volume of fluid |
| On a windy day, atmospheric pressure...? remains unchanged, increases, decreases? | decreases |
| the air in this room has..? energy, weight, mass, all of these, none of these? | all of these. energy, weight, & mass |
| What is the weight of water displaced by a 100-ton floating shp? | 100 tons |
| In drinking soda or water through a straw, we make use of..?surface tension, atmospheric pressure, Bernoulli's principle? | atmospheric pressure |
| When holes are drilled through the wall of a water tower, water will spurt out the greatest horizontal distance from the hole closest to....? | the bottom of the tower |
| Compared to the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a 1 liter helium filed balloon, the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a nearby 1 liter solid iron block is.....more, less, same? | the same |
| Lobsters live on the bottom of the ocean. The densit of a lobster is...... | greater than the density of sea water. |
| A row boat containing a barrel of water floats in a swimming pool. When the water in the barrel is poured overboard, the swimming pool level will.? rise, fall, remain unchanged? | remain unchanged |
| When an ice cube in aa glass of water melts, the water level..? rises, falls, remains the same. | remains the same |
| Pumice is a volcanic rock that floats. Its density is.... | less than the density of water |
| Two equal sized buckets are filled to the top with water. One of the buckets has a piece of wood floating in it, making its total weight...? | equal to the weight of the other bucket |
| Sue's refrigerator is built into the wall of her kitchen, so that it exhausts heat to theoutdors rather than into the room. If Sue tries to cool her kitchen by leaving the refrigerator door open, the room temperature will? | decrease at least slightly |
| On a chilly 10 degree C day, your friend who likes cold weather, wishes it were twice s cold (half as hot). Taken literally, this temperature would be? | -131.5 degrees C (notice this is a negative number) |
| As a piece of metal with a hole in it cools, the diameter of the hole...? | decreases |
| Blow on hour hand with your open mouth and you feel the warmth of your breath. Pucker your lips so your breath expands as you blow and yur breath is...? | cooler |
| A temperature difference of 10 degrees celsius is also equal to a temperature difference of 10 on the ....? | Kelvin scale |
| Which of the following expands most when the temperature is increased? Equal volumes of...? wood, ice water, helium, iron, all expand the same? | helium |
| When mechanical work is done on a system, there can be an increase in..? Its inernal energy, its temperature, both, neither | both temperature and internal energy |
| The white-hot sparks that strike your skin from a 4th of July thpe sparkler don't harm you because....? | the energy per molecule is high, but little energy is transferred because of the few molecules in the spark. |
| Can a sample of water possibly hae the same volume after being warmed by several celsius degrees? | sometimes |
| When you touch a cold piece of ice with your finger, energy flows....? | from your finger to the ice |
| When water at 4 degrees C is heated it expands. When water at 4 degrees C is cooled, it ...? | expands (questionalble if this answer is right) |
| Consider a closed, sealed can of air placed on a hot stove. The contained air undergoes an incfrease in..? temperature, pressure, mass, all of these, two of these? | two of these (don't know which two) |
| Icde tends to form first at the ..? | surface of bodies of water |
| Aluminum has a specific heat capacity more than twice that of copper. lace equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the one to undergo the fastest increase in temperature will be...?.aluminum, copper, both the same? | copper |
| If glass expanded more than mercury, then the column of mercury in a mercury thermomete would rise when the temperature....? | decreases |
| Your refrigerator is in your kitchen. If you try to cool your kitchen on a hot day by operating your refrigerator with its door open, the kitchen temperature will..? | increase |
| Systems that are left alone, tend to move toward a state of...?less entrophy, more entrophy, no entrophy | more entrophy |
| Consider a sample of ice at 0 degrees C. If the temperature is decreased, the volume of the ice...? stays the same, increases, decreases? | decreases |
| Before ice can form on a lake, all of the water in the lake must be cooled to......? | 4 degrees C |
| The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has...? | a low specific heat |
| Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has... | higher temperature, but less internal energy |
| Heat energy travels from an object with high....? | temperature to an object with a lower temperature |
| When a system does work and no heat is added to the system, its temperature..? | decreases |
| A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a ..? | low specific heat. |
| Entropy is closelhy related to the..? | 2nd law of thermodynamics |
| Which of the following contracts most when the temperature is increased? Equal volumes of..? ice water, iron, wood, helium, non of these contract when heated? | ice water |
| A volume of air has a temperature of 0 degrees celsius. an equa volume of air that is twice as hot has a temperature of | 273 degrees C |
| Suppose you rapidly stir some raw eggs with an eggbeater. The temperature of the eggs will..? | increase |
| Between 0 degrees celsius and 8 degrees celsius a red-dyed-water-in-glass thermometer would ....? | give ambiguous reading |
| Which of the following normally warms up fastest when heat is applied? iron, wood, water, glass, all of the choices are equally true? | iron |
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pkts68