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ATI Home Safety
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| factors for injury | -age & developmental status -mobility & balance -knowledge about safety hazards -sensory & cognitive awareness -communication skills -home/work environment -community client lives |
| initiate plan of care | identify risk factors using risk assessment tool & history, physical examination & home hazard appraisal |
| plan of care safety preparedness | emergency nursing principles -basic first aid -CPR |
| infants & toddlers aspiration | -keep small objects out of reach -check toys for loose or small parts & sharp edges -no hard candy, peanuts, popcorn or whole/sliced pieces of ho dog -not in supine position when feeding or prop bottle -pacifier not placed on string around neck |
| infants & toddlers suffocation | -back to sleep mnemonic& place back to sleep -keep plastic bags out of reach -crib mattress fits snugly & slats no mare than 2 3/3 in apart -never leave alone in bath tub -don't place anything in crib w/ infant |
| infants & toddlers suffocation | -remove toys over bed a soon as infant can push up -keep latex baloons away -fence swimming pool & use locked gate -begin swimming lesson based on development appropiate |
| infants & toddlers suffocation | -teach caregivers CPR & Heimlich maneuver -keep toilet lid down & bathroom doors clsoed |
| infants & toddlers poisoning | -keep house plants & cleaning agents out of reach -inspect/remove sources of lead & provide info about lead poisoning -place poisons, paint & gasoline in locked cabinet -keep meds in child proof containers -dispose of med not used/out of date |
| infants & toddlers falls | -keep crib & play pin rails up -never leave infant unattended on changing table or high surface -use gates on stares & screens in windows -restrain & supervise when in highchair, swing, stroller -place low when start to climb |
| infants & toddlers motor/vehicle injury | -place in rear facing seat until 2 or exceed height/weight limit-use care seat w/ 5 point harness -car seat federally approved & placed in back seat |
| infants & toddlers burns | -test temp of formula & bath water -place pots on back burner & turn handle away from stove -supervise use of faucets -keep matches & lighters out of reach |
| preschoolers & school age drowning | -be sure child has learned to swim & knows rules of water safety -place locked fences around home & neighborhood pools -provide supervision near pools or water |
| preschoolers & school age motor/vehicle injury | -USE BOOSTER SEATS -place child under 12 in back seat if car has passenger airbag use seat belts after booster seat not necessary -use protective equipment for sports, bike riding & if passenger on bike |
| preschoolers & school age motor/vehicle injury | -supervise & teach safe use of equipment -teach to play in safe areas 7 never run after balls in street -teach safety rules of road -teach what to do if approached by stranger -begin sex ed |
| preschoolers & school age firearms | -keep firearms unloaded, locked up & out of reach -teach to never touch gun or stay where guns are accessible -store bullets in different location from guns |
| preschoolers & school age play injury | -teach not to run w/ candy or objects in mouth -remove refrigerators or other potential confining structures -teach playground safety -teach to play in safe areas avoiding heavy machinery, railroads, areas of evacuation, etc. |
| preschoolers & school age play injury | -teach to never swim alone & wear life jackets in boats -wear protective helmets & knee & elbow pads when needed -teach to avoid strangers & keep parents informed of strangers |
| preschoolers & school age poison | -teach about hazards of alcohol, cigarettes, prescription, nonprescription & illegal drugs -keep potentially dangerous substances out of reach |
| adolescents motor/vehicle injury | -completion of driver's ed -rules for num of people allowed in care, seat belt use & to call for a ride home if driver impaired -protective equipment during sports -be alert to signs of depression |
| adolescents motor/vehicle injury | -teach hazards f firearms & safety precautions -teach water safety -teach to check water depth b/f diving -edu on hazards of smoking, alcohol, legal & illegal drugs 7 unprotected sex |
| adolescents burns | -teach to use sunblock & protective clothing -teach dangers of sunbathing & tanning beds |
| safety risks/prevention measures young/middle adults | -motor vehicle crashes most common cause of death/injury -occupational injuries contribute to injury/death rate -high consumption of alcohol and suicide are also major conceerns |
| young/middle adults nurse promote safety | -reminding pt to drive defensively & not to drive after drinking -reinforcing teaching about long term effects r/t alcohol -ensuring home safety w/ smoke & carbon monoxide detectors, fire alarms, well lit and uncluttered staircases |
| young/middle adults nurse promote safety | -being attuned to behaviors that suggest depression or suicide thoughts & referring to appropriate counseling -teaching driving & water safety -encouraging clients to become proactive about safety at work and home |
| young/middle adults nurse promote safety | -discuss dangers of social networking and internet -ensure pt understands hazards of excessive sun exposure & need to protect skin w/ sun block & protective clothing |
| safety risks/prevention measures older adults | age related changes occur varying among older adults -many older adults are able to maintain lifestyles that promote independence & ability to protect from safe hazards |
| risk factors for falls in older adults | -physical, cognitive, sensory changes -changes in musculoskeletal & neurological systems -impaired vision and/or hearing -frequent trips to bathroom at night b/c of nocturia & incontinence |
| safety risks/prevention measures older adults | -decrease in tactile sensitivity may place client at risk for burns & other types of tissue injuries -pt demonstrate factors that increase risk for injury (regardless of age) -home hazard evaluation should be conducted by nurse, PT & OT -clanet made |
| modifications to improve home safety | -removing items that could cause client to trip (throw rugs, loose carpets) -placing electrical cords & extension cords against wall, behind furniture -monitoring gait & balance providing aids as needed -making sure steps/sidewalks are in good repair |
| modifications to improve home safety | -placing grab bars near toilet & in tub or shower & installing stool riser -using nonskid mat in tub/shower -placing shower chair ins however & bedside commode if needed -ensuring lighting is adequate both inside & outside of home |
| fire safety | -home fires continue to be a major cause of death/injury for all ages -nurses should educate clients about importance of home safety plan |
| home safety plan | -keeping emergency numbs near phone for prompt use in case of emergency -ensure numb placement of fire extinguisher & smoke alarm are adequate, operable & family members know how to operate -set specific time to routinely check batteries in smoke alarm |
| home safety plan | -family exit plan for fires revised & practiced regularly -include closing windows & doors if able & exit smoke filled area by covering mouth & nose w/ a damp cloth & getting down as close to floor as possible |
| home safety plan | -review will pt of all ages in the event clothing or skin is on fire "stop,drop,roll" -review oxygen safety measures -oxygen can cause materials to combust more easily & burn more rapidly -provide use of oxygen delivery equipment & dangers of combustio |
| oxygen delivery equipment | -use/store equipment according to manufacturer's recommendations -place no smoking signs in conspicuous place near front door & door of pt room -inform pt & family of danger of smoking in presence of oxgen smoke outside of home |
| oxygen delivery equipment | -ensure electrical equip is in good repair & well grounded -replace bedding that can generate status electricity (wool, nylon,synthetic) w/ items made from cotton -keep flammable materials (heating oil,nail polish remover) away when oxygen in use |
| oxygen delivery equipment | follow general measures for fire safety in home -having a fire extinguisher readily available and an established exit route if fire occurs |
| additional risk in home/community | -passive smoking -carbon monoxide poisoning -food poising -bioterrorism |
| passive smoking | unintentional inhalation of tobacco smoke -exposure to nicotine/other toxins risk for cancer, heart disease & lung infections -low birth weight infants, prematurity, stillbirths &SIDS maternal smoking |
| passive smoking | -smoking in presence of children is associated w/ development of bronchitis, pneumonia & middle ear infection -for children w/ asthma, exposure to passive smoking can result in an increase in frequency & severity of asthma attacks |
| nurse inform | -hazards of smoking -available resources to stop smoking -effect that visiting individuals who smoke or riding in cars of smokers has on nonsmoker |
| carbon monoxide | very dangerous gas because it binds w/ hemoglobin & ultimately reduces oxygen supplied to tissues in body -can't be seen, smelled or tasted -symptoms: nausea, vomiting, headache, weakness & unconsciousness -death may occur w/ prolonged exposure |
| carbon monoxide | -ensure proper ventilation while using fuel-burning devices -gas burning furnaces, water heaters & appliances should be inspected annually -flues & chimneys should be unobstructed -detectors should be installed & inspected regularly |
| food poisoning | major cause of illness in US -mostly caused by e.coli, salmonella -healthy individuals usually recover from illness in few days -very young/old & immunocompromised individuals & pregnant women are at risk for consumption |
| food poisoning | -pt who are especially at risk are instructed to follow low-microbial diet -mostly occurs b/c of unsanitary food practice -proper hand hygiene, ensure meat is cooked at proper temp -handle raw fish separately to avoid cross contamination |
| food poisioning | -refrigerate perishable items are measures that may prevent food poisoning -check expiration dates 7 clean fresh fruit & vegetables |
| bioterrorism | dissemination of harmful toxins, bacteria, viruses & pathogens for purpose of causing illness/death -anthrax, cariola --be prepared to respond in proficient i early detection, recognizing causative agent, identifying afected community & providing early |
| primary survey | rapid assessment of life-threatening conditions -shouldn't take longer than 6 seconds to perform -standard precautions (gloves, gowns, eye protection, face mask & shoes covers) must be worn to prevent contamination of bodily fluids |
| ABCDE of primary survey | Airway/cervical spine-most important, patent airway needs to be established Breathing-once patent airway is achieved, effectiveness of breathing should be assessed Circulation-asses after adequate ventilation |
| ABCDE of primary survey` | Disability-quick assessment should be performed to determine level of consciousness Exposure-quick physical assessment of exposure to adverse elements _heat, cold) |
| bleeding basic first aid | -identify sources of external bleeding & apply pressure to wound -do NOT remove impaled objects -internal bleeding may require intramuscular volume replacement w/ fluid and/or blood products or surgical intervention |
| fractures & splinting basic first aid | -assess site for swelling, deformity & skin integrity -assess temp, distal pulses & mobility -apply splint to immobilize fracture & cover any open areas w/ sterile cloth -reasess neurovascular status after splinting |
| sprains basic first aid | -refrain from weight-bearing -apply ice to decrease inflammation -apply compression dressing to minimize swelling -elevate affected limb |
| heat stroke basic first aid | must be identified quickly & treated aggressively -hot, dry skin, hypotension, tachypnea, tachycardia, anxiety, confusion, unusual behavior, seizures, coma |
| heat stroke basic first aid | rapid cooling must be achieved -remove clothing -place ice packs over major arteries (axillae chest, groin, neck) -immerse client in cold-water bath -wet client's body ten fan w/ rapid movement of air |
| frostnip & frostbite basic first aid | -frostnip doesn't lead to tissue injury & may be treated by warming -frostbite presents as white, waxy areas on exposed skin -frostbit may be full or partial thickness -warm affected area in 38-41C (100-105F) water bath -provide pain medication -admi |
| burns basic first aid | burns may result from an electrical current, chemicals, radiation and/or flames -remove agent -smother flames & perform primary survey -cover client & maintain NPO status |
| burns basic first aid | -elevate extremities if not contraindicated (presence of fracture) -perform head to toe assessment & estimate surface area & thickness of burns -administer fluids & tetanus toxoid |
| altitude-related illness basic first aid | pts may become hypoxic in high altitudes -throbbing headache, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, anorexia -administer oxygen, descend to lower altitude & provide pharmacological therapy (steroid, diuretc if indicated) -altitiude sickness can progress to cerebr |
| CPR | combination of basic interventions designed to sustain oxygen & circulation to vital organs until more advanced interventions can be initiated to correct the root cause of cardiac arrest -basic interventions can be delivered by trained individuals, adva |
| CPR | -directed at artificially providing client w/ circulation (chest compression) & oxygentation (ventilation) in absence of cardiac output -component of basic life support (BLS) -BLS goal provide oxygen to vital organs until appropriate advanced resuscita |
| chest compression, airway & breathing CABs of BLS | -assess victim for a response & look for breathing not "look, listen & feel" -no breathing or gasping call for help -of alone, activate emergency response system & get AED or defib if available |
| -if second person available send to activate emergency response system & get AEd or defibrilator -check pulse -If pulse is felt being CPR compressions & breaths |
Created by:
dbishop23