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Chapter 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| modified sebaceous (oil) glands embedded in the tarsal platos | tarsal glands |
| connective tissue sheet supporting the eyelid internally | tarsal plate |
| fleshy elevation at the median canthus | caruncle |
| angular point where the eyelids meet | commissure |
| recess at the junction of the palpebral and bulbar cunjunctivae | conjunctival sac |
| another name for the eyelid | palpebra |
| secures the lens to the ciliary body | ciliary zonule |
| fluid that fills the anterior segment of the eye; provides nutrients to the lens and cornea | aqueous humor |
| white, opaque portion of the fibrous layer | sclera |
| area of retina that lacks photoreceptors | optic disc |
| muscular structure that manipulates the lens | ciliary body |
| nutritive (vascular) region of the middle layer of eyeball | choroid |
| drains the aqueous humor of the eye | canal of schlemm |
| portion of the inner layer concerned with image formation | retina |
| gel-like substance, filling the posterior segment of the eyeball; helps reinforce the eyeball | vitreous humor |
| drains into the scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) | Aqueous humor |
| Smooth muscle structures (sites of intrinsic eye muscles) | Ciliary body and Iris |
| area of acute or discriminatory vision | forea centralis |
| refractory media of the eye | cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor |
| anteriormost clear part of the fibrous layer | fovea centralis |
| pigmented "diagram" of the eye | Iris |
| ____, or taste, is the sensation or perception of chemicals dissolved in saliva. | Gustation |
| ____, or smell, is the sensation and perception of chemicals dissolved in the fluids of the nasal membranes. | Olfaction |
| The five classes of chemoreceptor for gustation are ____,____,____,____, and ____. | salty, sweet, sour, bitter,umami |
| Chemoreceptors in the mouth are located on ____, a specialized structure found on gustatory cells. | gustatory hairs |
| The small visible bumps on the tongue are ____. | mucosal papillae |
| Taste buds are ___ within some types of mucosal papillae, not the mucosal papillae themselves. | microscopic groups of cells |
| Cells which comprise taste buds die after roughly ____, and are replaced by division of ____. | one week, basal cells |
| The nerves which send axons to meet the chemoreceptor cells involved in gustation are cranial nerves #'s ____,____,or_____. | VII, IX,X |
| The ____is a patch of olfactory epithelium slightly larger than the top surface of the tongue. | olfactory organ |
| The olfactory organ is located in the ____. | roof of the nasal cavity |
| As air is inhaled, chemicals carried by it dissolve in the ____ of the olfactory organ, allowing them to bind to the chemoreceptors of the olfactory cells found there. | liquid coating the mucosa |
| The axons of olfactory cells form the filaments of ___. | cranial nerve I |
| Eyelids are thick, skin covered folds supported internally by the ___, which also anchor the ___ and ___, the muscles which control the motion of the eyelids. | tarsal plates, orbicularis oculi, levatorpalpebra superioris |
| Eyelids protect the eye when closed, and also ___ and ___ by blinking. | spread lubricants, remove debris |
| Eyelashes on each lid serve as extremely sensitive ____, triggering reflex eyelid closure when sensation in unexpected. | touch receptors |
| Glands with ducts at the edges of each lid produce____. | oily secretions that lubricate lids |
| ___ are transparent mucous membranes that line the eyelids and the anterior surface of the eyeball (except for___). Their major function is to produce a lubricating mucus that prevents the eye from drying | Conjunctive, the cornea |
| The lacrimal apparatus includes the ___, which produces tears, and the ducts that drain excess liquid into the ___. | lacrimal glade, nasal passages |
| Tears enter the eye ___ and leave via ducts at the medial corner of the eye (____). | superiolateterally, medial canthus |
| Tears contain mucus,____ and ____, an enzyme, both of which protect the eye from bacteria. | antibodies, lysozome |
| The extrinsic eye muscles include four ___ which direct the eye's gaze up, down, left, or right. In addition, there are two ___ which keep the eye from spinning or twisting. | rectus muscles, oblique muscles |
| Color blindness is due to a defect on the ____ chromosome. | X |
| Color blindness is due to the genetic absence of one type of ___. | cone |
| An immediate adaptation to a lack of light is made possible by synthesis of ____ in rods. | rhodopsin |
| Since retinal is made from ____, dark adaptation due to rhodopsin synthesis from retinal and opsin is sensitive to a dietary deficiency in this substance. | vitamin A |
| At the optic chiasma, fibers from the ___ of each retinal field cross over to the opposite side. | medial half |
| The left hemisphere of the brain receives information from the____. | right half or the visual field |
| Signals from fibers of the optic nerve which travel to the thalamus ultimately are conveyed to the ___. | optic cerebral cortex |
| Some fibers from the optic nerve travel to the midbrain, which controls____ and ____. | eye movement, pupil dilation |
| Some fibers from the optic nerve travel to the hypothalamus, which interprets___ and sets____. | time of day, circadian rhythm |
| The combination of inhibitory and excitatory processing in the retina results in signal processing which emphasizes____. | edges |
| Depth perception is made possible by processing in the ___, which separates signals from the two eyes before forwarding the signals to the visual cortex. | thalamus |
| The ___ contains an exact map of the retina, so that a ganglion cell's action potential in the retina is marched by the excitation of a single neuron in this region. | visual cortex |
| The outer ear is composed of the visible portion of the ear, as well as the ___ and ___. | external auditory canal, eardrum |
| the muscle that moves the eye up ad laterally | inferior oblique |
| where the palpebral and the bulbar conjunctivae meet | conjunctival sac |
| the muscle that moves the eye laterally | lateral rectus |
| modified sebaceous gland | tarsal gland |
| Fleshy elevation at the medial canthus | caruncle |
| connective tissue that supports the eyelid | tarsal plate |
| the muscle that moves the eye down and laterally | superior oblique |
| produces the saline solution for the eye | lacrimal gland |
| the angular point where the eyelids meet | commissure |
| produces the mucous for the eye | conjunctiva |
| the muscle that moves the eye up and toward the middle | superior rectus |
| the eyelid | palpebra |
| muscular structure that manipulates the lens | aqueous humor |
| inner layer of the eye that is involved in image formation | retina |
| drains into the sclaral veous sinus | ciliary body |
| secures the lens to the cilary body | ciliary zonule |
| area of the retina that lacks photoreceptors | optic disc |
| gel-like substance that fills the posterior segment of the eyeball | vitreous humor |
| front most clear part of the fibrous layer of the eye | aqueous humor |
| pigmented diaphragm of the eye; one of the sites of intrinsic eye muscles | sclera |
| white, opaque portion of the fibrous layer | sclera |
| vascular region of the middle layer of the eyeball | |
| Most of the light-bending which results in an image forming on the retina is due to the ___. Many patients benefit from having it re-shaped surgically to correct myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism. | cornea |
| The outer ear is composed of the visible portion of the ear, as well as the ___ and ___. | external auditory canal, eardrum |
| The ____ is the boundary between the outer and the middle ear. | tympanic membrane |
| The small, air-filled, mucosa-lined cavity medial to the eardrum is the___. | middle ear |
| The pharyngotympanic tube connect the ___ to the ___. | middle ear, nasal pharynx |
| Thee ___ allows air pressure in the middle ear to equalize with external environment. | pharyngotypanic tube |
| Sound is vibration of gas or liquid. Our ability detect is begins as vibrating air molecules push and pull on the ___. | eardru, |
| The three small bones of the middle ear transmit vibratory motion from the eardrum to the ___. | oval window |
| Excessive motion of the three bones of the middle ear is prevented by the ___ muscles and ___ muscle. | tensor tympani, stapidius |
| The small bones of the middle ear are the ___,____, and ____. | malleus, incus, stapes |
| The vestibule is a compartment of the inner ear which is the major system involved in ___. | equilibrium |
| The semi circular canals are compartments of the inner ear which sense___. | rotation of the head |
| The cochlea is a snail shaped organ in the inner ear which is responsible for___. | hearing |
| The actual organ within the cochlea which is responcible for hearing is the___. | organ of corti |
| As vibrations in the ear cause the eardrum to vibrate, the eardrum pushes against the ___. | ossicles |
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jacksmac9638