the breaking down of rocks into sediments

Mechanical Weathering

the physical break up of rocks.

Biological weathering

the breakdown of rock by living organisms (plants, fungi, and bacteria)

the breakdown of rocks by water, chemicals, and gasses

is the breaking down of rock and carrying those pieces away with wind and water

the freezing and thawing of water within cracks in rocks

Soil is a mixture of (five things)

weathered rock (sediments), organic matter (living and dead material), Minerals, water and air.

dead and decaying plant matter.

soil that plants will grow in - has all three nutrients

Compost mixed with rocks and minerals – it forms the dark part of the soil

3 nutrients plants need

3 minerals N-nitrogen, P-phosphorus, and K – potassium

a picture of what the layers of soil look like underground.

describes how soil feels when it is rubbed between your fingers

How fast the water drains through the soil – it’s based on the particle size of the sediment.

Water holding capacity

a soil’s ability to hold water

a mixture of sand, silt, and clay

the formation of deserts due to over farming

When large areas of of American farmland turned into deserts because of over farming and erosion

rows of trees along the edges of fields to cut down on the wind.

Covering soil with hay

Covering bare soils with straw to hold the soil in place

Cutting steps into the sides of hills to prevent erosion

not planting a crop in a field to allow the field to recover nutrients.

planting a different crop in each field every year. Different plants use different minerals so it gives the soil a chance to recover.

leaves the stalks of the previous crop in the ground and plants the seeds without digging up the soil.

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devon soil

terms from our soil unit

Question	Answer
Weathering	the breaking down of rocks into sediments
Mechanical Weathering	the physical break up of rocks.
Biological weathering	the breakdown of rock by living organisms (plants, fungi, and bacteria)
Chemical Weathering	the breakdown of rocks by water, chemicals, and gasses
erosion	is the breaking down of rock and carrying those pieces away with wind and water
Frost wedging	the freezing and thawing of water within cracks in rocks
Soil is a mixture of (five things)	weathered rock (sediments), organic matter (living and dead material), Minerals, water and air.
Compost	dead and decaying plant matter.
Fertile soil	soil that plants will grow in - has all three nutrients
Humus	Compost mixed with rocks and minerals – it forms the dark part of the soil
3 nutrients plants need	3 minerals N-nitrogen, P-phosphorus, and K – potassium
Soil profile	a picture of what the layers of soil look like underground.
Soil texture	describes how soil feels when it is rubbed between your fingers
Water permeability	How fast the water drains through the soil – it’s based on the particle size of the sediment.
Water holding capacity	a soil’s ability to hold water
Loam	a mixture of sand, silt, and clay
Desertification	the formation of deserts due to over farming
Dustbowl	When large areas of of American farmland turned into deserts because of over farming and erosion
Wind brakes	rows of trees along the edges of fields to cut down on the wind.
Covering soil with hay	Covering bare soils with straw to hold the soil in place
Terraces	Cutting steps into the sides of hills to prevent erosion
Plowing across grain	reduce erosion from rain
Fallow fields	not planting a crop in a field to allow the field to recover nutrients.
Rotating crops	planting a different crop in each field every year. Different plants use different minerals so it gives the soil a chance to recover.
No till farming	leaves the stalks of the previous crop in the ground and plants the seeds without digging up the soil.

Created by: devon science

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