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Chem Unit 3 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| solution | uniform mixture containing solids, liquids, or gases; also known aka homogeneous mixture |
| solute | one or more substances dissolved in a solution |
| solvent | substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution; most plentiful substance in the solution |
| soluble | describes a substance that can be dissolved in a given solvent |
| insolube | describes a substance that cannot be dissolved in a given solvent |
| immiscible | describes two liquids that can be mixed together but separate shortly after you cease mixing them |
| miscible | describes two liquids that a soluble in each other |
| solvation | process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles to form a solution; occurs only where and when the solute and solvent particles come in contact with each other |
| solubility | maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure |
| saturated solution | contains maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature and pressure |
| unsaturated solution | contains less dissolved solute for a given temperature and pressure than a saturated solution; has capacity to hold more solute |
| supersaturated solution | contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature |
| Henry's Law | at a given temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid |
| percent by volume | ratio of volume of solute to total volume |
| percent by mass | percentage determined by the ratio of mass of each element to the total mass of the compound |
| molarity | number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution; aka molar concentration |
| molality | ratio of number of moles of solute dissolved in one kg of solvent; aka molal concentration |
| dilution | making a liquid more dilute |
| colligative properties | physical property of a solution that depends on the number, but not the identity, of the dissolved solute particles |
| electrolytes | ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current |
| nonelectrolytes | does not dissociate in solution and therefore doesn't produce any ions (ex. sugar) |
| vapor pressure lowering | lowering of vapor pressure of a solvent by the addition of a nonvolatile solute to the solvent |
| boiling point elevation | temperature difference between a solution's boiling point and a pure solvent's boiling point |
| freezing point depression | difference in temperature between a solution's freezing point and the freezing point of its pure solvent |
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