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Heat & Thermo
Term | Definition |
---|---|
1st Law of Thermodynamics | Energy can be changed from one form to another, but it CAN’T be created or destroyed (Law of Conservation of Energy). |
2nd Law of Thermodynamics | Heat flows from a hot object to a cold object. Heat cannot be converted completely into useful work. Every isolated system becomes disordered. |
3rd Law of Thermodynamics | As a system approaches absolute zero, all processes cease and the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value. |
0th Law of Thermodynamics | If object 1 is in thermal equilibrium with object 2, and object 2 is in equilibrium with object 3 then object 1 is in equilibrium with object 3. |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory | All molecules have kinetic energy at all times. |
Internal Energy | The energy associated with the random, disordered motion of molecules. |
Temperature | The average kinetic energy of an object’s molecules. |
Heat | The transfer of energy from a higher temperature object to a lower temperature object. |
Thermal Equilibrium | Eventually, the system and the surroundings reach the same temperature and the heat transfer stops. |
Thermal Expansion | When an object’s temperature increases, it will expand. |
Latent Heat | The heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or vapor, or a liquid into a vapor, without change of temperature. |
Phase Change | A physical change of a substance from one state (gas, liquid, solid) to another at constant pressure and temperature. |
Conduction | Transfer of energy (as heat) between particles as they collide within a substance or between two objects. |
Conductors | Materials that conduct heat well. |
Insulators | Materials that resist the transfer of heat. |
Convection | Transfer of energy by the movement of fluids (can be liquid or gas) with different temperatures. |
Radiation | Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. |
Specific Heat | The value of energy that will change the temperature of 1kg of that substance by 1'C. |
Entropy | Disorder/chaos at the molecular level. |