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Fingerprint Terms
Fingerprint Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fingerprint classification | the division of fingerprints into rough categories to make them easier to match with existing records in a system |
| Ridge charcteristics (Galton's details) | The combination of details in the shapes and positions of ridges in fingerprints that make each unique |
| Invisible fingerprints | not readily seen but can be developed through powders or chemicals |
| inked fingerprint | help ensure that the person arrested is identified correctly |
| patent (plastic) fingerprint | one form of visible print, are impressions left in soft substances such as putty, grease, tar, or soft soap; normally left on nonporous surfaces |
| arches | ridges flow in one side and flow out the opposite side; no deltas in an arch pattern; two types of arch patterns: plain and tented; account for @ 5% of all fingerprints |
| loops | the ridges will flow in one side, recurve, touch or pass through an imaginary line drawn from the delta to the core, and exit the pattern on the same side as it entered; two types of loop patterns: ulnar and radial; account for @ 70% of all fingerprints |
| whorls | consists of a series of almost concentric circles; has two deltas; four types of whorl patterns: pain whorl, central Pocket Loop whorl, double Loop whorl, accidental whorl; account for @ 25% of fingerprints |
| voice prints | a graphic record made by a sound spectrograph of the energy patterns emitted by speech |
| scientific basis of fingerprint identification | 1.ridge arrangement on all fingers of every person is different. 2. ridge arrangement is permanent throughout a persons life; never changes from birth to death.statements are true if ridges on palms of hands & soles of feet. |
| A.F.I.S. | computer system that automatically searches a latent fingerprint recovered from a scene, against millions of fingerprints contained within a fingerprint database. criteria for entering & maintaining fingerprints in the database varies from state to state |
| Dissimilarity | a difference in which, in the opinion of the examiner, can be explained. |
| Discrepancy | a difference between two patterns, that can not be explained. |
| Dactylogrpahy | the study of the science of fingerprints |
| core | is the approximate center of the finger pattern impression |
| inidvidualization | the opinion matching of a latent print to one person as its source to the exclusion of all other people in the world. |
| class one/level one detail | the general ridge flow of a fingerprint |
| class two/level two detail | aspects of a particular ridge path, including bifurcations, endings, divisions; also referred to as minutiae or Galton's details. |
| class three/level three detail | finer detail concerning individual ridges, such as the shape of the edges, their width, and the presence of pores. |
| Ace-V | an acronym for Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation, Verification. ACE-V describes the recommended process or methodology for comparison of a latent print to a known print. |
Created by:
karisoeder
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