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Bio Practical 4
Please don't fail
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Monocots | only one cotyledon, flower parts are in three's or multiples of threes. The leaf veins run parallel and vascular bungles are scattered; wheat, corn, cattail, and iris |
| Dicots- | Two coteyledons, flower parts are in fours or fives or multiples of fours or veins. The leaf veins form a net pattern. The vascular bundles arranged in a ring; example are water lily, columbine, rose and sunflower |
| Roots of angiosperms | Fibrous root systems (grasses); taproot (shrubs), modified taproot (carrot), prop roots (corn); aerial (orchid) |
| parenchyma | basic ground cell of plants, cells make up he bulk of the plant body |
| Cortex | ground tissue between vascular elements and the epidermis, also associated with the conducting tissues and xylem and phloem. Cortex is the outer layer of that looks like bad stone fencing. |
| epidermis | single out layers of cell |
| When water reaches the ----- the vascular cylinder of the root, it is restricted. | stele |
| Junctions between cells of the outermost layer of the stele, the endodermis are sealed with a waxy covering, called the.... | casparian strip; this prevents water from passing around the cell. Cells of the endodermis actively transport potassium ions into the stele. |
| Just inside the endodermis is the -----, a layer of cells responsible for the formation of lateral roots. | Pericycle. |
| The ---- forms an "X" shaped structure in the center of with the ---- tissue in the four recesses. | xylem and phloem |
| The root is covered with | root hairs. |
| Maturation region- | portion where cells are differentiating into epidermal and cortex layers and xylem and phloem tissues. |
| Elongation region | portion where newly added ells increase in sixe |
| Meristemative region | portion undergoing mitosis |
| root cap | portion protecting the root during new growth |
| Rhizome | Iris |
| tuber | potato |
| bulb | onion |
| tendril | grape |
| corm | gladiolus |
| woody stem | the norm |
| bulb scales are | modified leaves hat are the layers on an onion |
| Shoots are divided into alternating | seriers of nodes and internodes |
| Sites where buds arise are | nodes |
| buds may form (3 things) | leaves, flowers or new lateral shoots |
| the length of the shoot between two adjacent nodes are | internodes |
| scars will be from | buds or leaves that have fallen form the branch |
| Lenticels are | scarred on the bark and allow for gas exchange with the underlying vascular tissues. |
| sunflower | herbaceous eudicot |
| eudicot has very large thin walls cells making up the bulk of the center of the stem which | is called the pith |
| there is a vascular cambium in ----, which is only a single layer thick between phloem and xylem | eudicots |
| fribrous rays of -------- (heavy cap of thick-walled cells) can be seen on the outer edge of the phloem. | schlerenchyma |
| -------- cells surround the top of each of the vascular bundles, with the ------- being the outermost layer | Collencyma and epidermis |
| on a woody eudicot beginning at the center of the stem, large thin walled cells are ------ (parenchyma cells) | pith, unlike the herbaceous the vascular tissues are not in distinct bundles and are fused in complete rings |
| The complete rings of woody eudicots form in two rings: ----- (vessel produced in early in the season have larger diameters) and ------ (vessels produced later in the season are narrower) ------. | spring and summer xylem |
| ----- and --- make up the bulk of tissue outside the xylem. | phloem and schlerenchyma |
| ----- are seen as light-colored tissue cells within the dark colored support tissues. | Phloem |
| The light colored, triangular ----- are associated with xylem rays are responsible for lateral transport of food material in the stem, between the two is a thin layer of maristematic tissue called the ----- | Phloem rays; Vacular cambium which creats new xylem and phleom (outer older, innermost youngest) |
| Corn is a monocot, ---- ----- are scattered throughout the parenchyma of the stem. | vascular bundles |
| The monocot vascular bundle looks something like a little monkey face. The eyes are the ---- and the forehead is made up the -----, ----- forms the cap or hair. | xylem=eyes, forehead- phloem, and the schlerenchyma forms the hair |
| xylem s composed of cells called ---- and --- | vessels and tracheids |
| schlerenchyma are | thick walled cells important in support |
| collenchyma are | in a modified form of parenchyma speciliazed for support in youg plant organs. |
| multicellular plants first show a form of primary growth | that is growth in length either at the tips of the shoots or the end of the roots. this is achieved through apical mersitems, site of active cell division. |
| Some plants have a secondary growth, or a | increase in diameter. is a result of secondary xylem and the cascular cambium, another meristematic tissue. Lateral growth may also be due to the formation of cork by a cork cambium located in the cortex outside of the phloem tissue. |
| The ----- ----- is surrounded by leaves, and its based are small axillary buds | apical meristem |
| THe site where the leaves and the buds emerge is, again, .... | the node |
| the interval between nodes is the | internode |
| Along the lower epidermis there are openings leading to the air spaces with the ----- ------. These openings are stomata, through which gases enter and exit the leaf | spongy mesophyll |
| On each side of the opening are ---- ---- which regulate the opening and closing of the aperture. | guard cells |
| -- ---- (veins) may be seen passing through the leaf | vascular bundles |
| Elongated cells under the upper epidermis are the ---- -------, the primary site of photosynthetic activity within the leaf | palisade mesophyll |
| The thin covering on the upper epidermis which helps prevent water loss from the leaf surface is the | cuticle |
| leaves can be simple (A & B), compound (C), | A- water oak and turkey oak, B- Pignut hickory; compound leaves are composed of a number leaflets |
| leaves on a compound plant can be palmate (?) | like the fingers radiating from teh palm of your hand |
| leaves on a compound plant can be pinnate | (like the filaments of a bird feather) |
| Monocot include | grasses, palms, lilies, orchids and bromelias ( they have only one coyledon) |
| Mongolids and Eudicots have (Leaf veins) | reitculate venation a net-like pattern of branching in their leaves |
| leaves of monocots generally have | parallel venation |
| Angiosperms have unique type of sexual reproduction called | double fertilization |
| stigma is the site of ----, where pollen is deposited on the pistil. The pollen grain then germinates in a ---- ---- | pollination, in a pollen tube grows down through the stle |
| Pollen tubses have three nuclei and a --- ---- -----, directing the metabolic activites of the tube and two ---- | pollen tube nucleus and two sperm nuclei. |
| The two sperms each develop thus the term double fertilization is present. One goes to and the other to a... | One goes to a zygote and then an embryo, and the other forms with the two polar nuclei to produce a pentaploid which forms an endosperm, a nutional thing for the developing embryo |
| mature ovule is a | seed |
| mature ovary containing ovules is called a ... | fruit |
| stamens are the ---- part of the flower | stamens made up of a anther on the tip of a filament |
| The stamens of the flower surround the ---, the female part | pistil composed of a stigma, a style and an ovary, each section known as a carpel |
| Large cell in the center of the carpels is the the | megaspore mother cell, which ultimately develops into an embryo sac. |
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kccroy