Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Punishment 1
Cooper Chapter 14 Punishment by Stimulus Presentation
| Punishment is as important to learning as | Reinforcement |
| Learning from the consequences that produce pain or discomfort or the loss of reinforcers has survival value for the individual and for the | Species |
| One of the basic principles of operant conditioning is | Punishment |
| One of the basic principles of operant conditioning that is poorly understood, frequently misapplied and controversial in its application is | Punishment |
| A response consequence contingency that suppresses the future frequency of similar responses is | Punishment |
| As a principle of behaviour punishment is not about punishing the | Person |
| A behaviour has not been punished unless the future frequency of the behaviour is | Decreased |
| There is a need for more basic and applied research on the decrease of behaviour through the use of | Punishment |
| Like reinforcement, punishment is a two-term, behaviour consequence functional | Relation |
| Punishment is defined by its effects on the future frequency of | Behaviour |
| Punishment has occurred when a response is followed immediately by a stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of similar | Responses |
| Punishment is not defined either by the actions of the person delivering the consequences or the nature of the | Consequences |
| The presentation of punishers often evokes behaviour incompatible with the behaviour being punished therefore the immediate suppressive effects of punishment are easily | Overestimated |
| When using punishment the reduction in response rate is often confounded by extinction effects caused by withholding | Reinforcement |
| When the presentation of a stimulus immediately following a behaviour results in a decrease in the frequency of the behaviour this is | Positive Punishment |
| The termination of an already present stimulus immediately following a behaviour resulting in a decrease in the future frequency of the behaviour is | Negative Punishment |
| Behaviour change tactics based on negative punishment involve the contingent loss of available reinforcers immediately following a | Behaviour |
| Behaviour change tactics based on negative punishment involve the removal of the opportunity to acquire additional | Reinforcers |
| The two types of consequence operations for punishment are negative punishment and | Positive Punishment |
| Positive punishment and negative punishment are referred to Type I and | Type II |
| Negative punishment is sometimes referred to as | Penalty Principle |
| The terms positive and negative specify only how the stimulus change that served as the punishing consequence was | Affected |
| Interventions using either or both positive punishment and negative reinforcement are often described by the umbrella term | Aversive control |
| The same consequence cannot serve as positive punishment and negative reinforcement for the same | Behaviour |
| Positive punishment and negative reinforcement are frequently | Confused |
| In a positive punishment contingency the stimulus is absent prior to a response and is presented as a | Consequence |
| In a negative punishment contingency the stimulus is present prior to a response and the consequence is its | Removal |
| Threatening a person with punishment should not be confused with punishment it is an | Antecedent Event |
| When the threat of punishment suppresses behaviour it may be due to the threat functioning as an | Establishing Operation |
| A conditioning history for punishment in which responses in the presence of certain stimulus have been punished and similar responses in its absence have not creates a | Discriminated Operant |
| There is no standard term or symbol in the behaviour analysis literature for an antecedent stimulus that acquires stimulus control related to | Punishment |
| A stimulus condition in the presence of which a response has a lower probability of occurring than it does in its absence as a result of response-contingent punishment in the presence of the stimulus is called | Discriminative stimulus for punishment |
| When punishment is discontinued, its suppressive effects on responding are usually not permanent this is referred to as | Recovery from punishment |
| Recovery from punishment is analogous to | Extinction |
| Recovery of responding to prepunished levels is more likely to occur when the punishment was mild or the person can discriminate that the punishment contingency is | No Longer Active |
| Virtually permanent response suppression may occur when complete suppression of behaviour to a zero rate of responding has been achieved with | Intense Punishment |
| A stimulus change that immediately follows the occurrence of a behaviour and reduces the future frequency of that type of behaviour is called a | Punisher |
| The removal of a positive reinforcer contingent on occurrences of the target behaviour is | Negative Punishment |
| A stimulus whose presentation functions as punishment without having been paired with any other punisher | Unconditioned punisher |
| Synonmyns for unconditioned punisher are primary punisher and | Unlearned punisher |
| Due to their evolutionary history, all biologically intact members of a species are more or less susceptible to punishment by the same | Unconditioned punishers |
| Virtually any stimulus to which an organism's receptors are sensitive can be intensified to the point that its delivery will | Suppress behaviour |
| Unlike unconditioned reinforcers the effectiveness of many unconditioned punishers is not dependent on a relevant | Establishing operation |
| A stimulus change that functions as punishment as a result of a person's conditioning history is a | Conditioned punisher |
| Synonyms for conditioned punisher are learned punisher and | Secondary punisher |
| Previously neutral stimuli can become conditioned punishers for humans without direct physical pairing through | Verbal analogue conditioning |
| A stimulus change that has been paired with numerous forms of unconditioned and conditioned punishers becomes a | Generalized conditioned punisher |
| Generalized conditioned punishers are free from the control of specific motivating conditions and will function as punishers under most | Conditions |
| Even stimuli whose presentation under most conditions would function as unconditioned reinforcers or punishers can have the opposite effect under certain | Conditions |
| How many factors influence the effectiveness of punishment? | Five factors |
| Immediacy, intensity, schedule, reinforcement for the target behaviour, reinforcement for alternative behaviour are five factors that influence the | Effectiveness of punishment |
Created by:
studystackbabe