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Political Revolution

2016 Political Revolutions Study Guide

Term	Definition
98	Percent of France's population that belonged to the Third Estate
Declaration of Independence	This document embodied Enlightenment ideals because it said that people have rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Stamp Act	The colonists protested this as "taxation without representation".
branches of government	Montesquieu's influence on the U.S. Constitution
after the American Revolution	Did the Constitutional Convention take place before or after the American Revolution?
Bill of Rights	What was influenced by Voltaire, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau?
Thomas Jefferson	Primary writer of the Declaration of Independence
Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria	Most influential leader at the Congress of Vienna
balance of power	An important goal of the Congress of Vienna was to establish this in Europe
Portugal	Napoleon attacked this country in order to enforce the terms of the Continental System
Admiral Nelson	Who won the Battle of Trafalgar by dividing the French fleet and attacked smaller groups of ships?
Napoleon	Was able to accomplish the following during peacetime: set up government-run public schools; set up a comprehensive system of laws; and established a fairer tax code
no one	Who was safe from the guillotine during the Reign of Terror?
liberty, equality, brother hood	Goals stated in the "slogan of the Revolution"
a mob stormed a prison looking for gunpowder	What happened on Bastille Day?
Continental System	Great Britain reacted to the _____ by organizing its own blockade.
Louisiana Territory	Napoleon sold the _______ to raise money, to cut his losses in America, and to increase America's power as a British rival.
Robespierre	His fellow revolutionaries finally forced ______ from power.
Committee of Public Safety	Group that imposed the Reign of Terror
National Assembly	It lost the support of many French peasants because it took away the Catholic Church's lands and independence.
proposed taxation of the Second Estate	Issue that led to the first meeting of the Estates-General in 175 years
bourgeoisie	Group that most strongly embraced the ideals and principles of the Enlightenment
Congress of Vienna	At the _______, Klemens von Metternich wanted to create a balance of power in Europe, strengthen countries surrounding France to prevent future French aggression, and restore Europe's royal families to their thrones.
scorched-earth policy	Strategy used by Czar Alexander I to defeat Napoleon in Russia
plebiscite	A vote of the people
Estates-General	An issue that arose after the king called for the _______ to meet was how many votes each Estate would get.
Third Estate	Paid almost all of the taxes in the years preceeding the French Revolution.
Congress of Vienna	Their main goal was to establish security and stability for the nations of Europe.
nationalistic	One important effect resulting from the political changes made at the Congress of Vienna was that _______ feelings grew in countries placed under foreign rule.
Creole	The liberation movements in Spanish South America and Brazil were similar in that both involved the ______ class.
non-violent	Brazil's liberation was _____________, while Mexico's liberation was violent.
Toussaint L'Ouverture	Led a revolt of enslaved Africans in Saint Domingue
Miguel Hidalgo	The independence movement in Mexico was led in part by ______.
Jose de San Martin	liberated parts of Spanish-speaking South America.
scorched-earth policy	the practice of burning crops and killing livestock durint wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land.
legitimacy	the hereditary right of a monarch to rule
blockade	the use of troops or ships to prevent commercial traffic from entering or leaving a city or region.
Holy Alliance	a league of European nations formed by the leaders of Russia, Austria, and Prussia after the Congress of Vienna
Concert of Europe	a series of alliances among European nations in the 19th century, devised by Prince Klemens von Metternich to prevent the outbreak of revolutions
Congress of Vienna	a series of meetings in 1814-1815 during which the European leaders sought to establish long-lasting peace and security after the defeat of Napoleon
Legislative Assembly	a French congress with the power to create laws and approve declarations of war, established by the Constitution of 1791
Reign of Terror	the period when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed
Napoleonic Code	a comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon
Battle of Trafalgar	an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon's forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson
Peninsular War	a conflict in which Spanish rebels, with the aid of British forces, fought to drive Napoleon's French troops out of Spain
Tennis Court Oath	a pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution
National Assembly	a French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate on June 17, 1789, to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people
Estates General	an assembly of representatives from all three of the social classes in France
estate	one of the three social classes in France before the French Revolution
Old Regime	the political and social system that existed in France before the French Revolution

Created by: harmona71

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