Innate Immunity - First line of defense

physical barriers (skin and mucus membrane)

Innate immunity - Second line of defense

Internal. Protective cells, blood-born chemicals, + processes that inactivate or kill invaders.

Innate immunity is nonspecific and works against a wide variety of pathogens including:

parasitic worms, protozoa, fungi, bacteria, and viruses.

In order for a pathogen to cause disease, what 3 things must happen?

1. Gain access into body (penetrating skin or portal of entry) 2. Attach itself to host host cells. 3. Evade I.S. long enough to cause harmful changes.

How does a phagocyte "know" it it in contact w/ a pathogen instead of another healthy body cell?

1. cytoplasmic membrane receptors - when phagocytes only have receptors for components that are exclusively on bacterial surfaces. 2. opsonins - antimicrobial proteins that signal to the phagocyte

Give 3 characteristics of the epidermis that make it an intolerable environment for most microorganisms

1. Low pH due to lysozyme 2. Salty environment due to sweat 3.Tightly packed cells with collagen 4. Skin cells on surface are dead 5. Skin has chemical substances that defend against paths (antimicrob. peptides, lysozyme, etc.)

Other than the diff molecules involved, what is the diff b/t classical and alternate pathways?

Classical: activated by antibodies. Alternate: activated by pathogen.

Describe the classical complement cascade pathway from C1 to the MAC

Binding of C1 to antigen-antibody complexes, a cascade of reactions, the formation of MAC, holes in the pathogen's cell membrane

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Microbiology Exam 2

Immunology

Question	Answer
Innate Immunity - First line of defense	physical barriers (skin and mucus membrane)
Innate immunity - Second line of defense	Internal. Protective cells, blood-born chemicals, + processes that inactivate or kill invaders.
Innate immunity is nonspecific and works against a wide variety of pathogens including:	parasitic worms, protozoa, fungi, bacteria, and viruses.
In order for a pathogen to cause disease, what 3 things must happen?	1. Gain access into body (penetrating skin or portal of entry) 2. Attach itself to host host cells. 3. Evade I.S. long enough to cause harmful changes.
How does a phagocyte "know" it it in contact w/ a pathogen instead of another healthy body cell?	1. cytoplasmic membrane receptors - when phagocytes only have receptors for components that are exclusively on bacterial surfaces. 2. opsonins - antimicrobial proteins that signal to the phagocyte
Give 3 characteristics of the epidermis that make it an intolerable environment for most microorganisms	1. Low pH due to lysozyme 2. Salty environment due to sweat 3.Tightly packed cells with collagen 4. Skin cells on surface are dead 5. Skin has chemical substances that defend against paths (antimicrob. peptides, lysozyme, etc.)
Other than the diff molecules involved, what is the diff b/t classical and alternate pathways?	Classical: activated by antibodies. Alternate: activated by pathogen.
Describe the classical complement cascade pathway from C1 to the MAC	Binding of C1 to antigen-antibody complexes, a cascade of reactions, the formation of MAC, holes in the pathogen's cell membrane

Created by: MSB7CD

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