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Gullett-Phys-Ch7-8
Physics-Ch7-8-Energy and Circular Motion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| work | the product of the force and the distance moved by the force |
| power | the time rate of work |
| work formula | W = Fd (force times distance) |
| power formula | Power = work done / time interval |
| energy | the property of a system that enables it to do work |
| mechanical energy | energy due to the position of something or the movement of something |
| potential energy | energy that something possesses because of its position, a type of mechanical energy |
| kinetic energy | energy that something possesses because of its motion, a type of mechanical energy |
| work-energy theorem | the work done on an object equals the change in the kinetic energy of the object |
| law of conservation of energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy never changes |
| machine | a device, such as a lever or pully, that increases (or decreases) a force or simply changes the direction of a force |
| conservation of energy | the work output of any machine cannot exceed the work input |
| lever | a simple machine consisting of a rigid rod pivoted at a fixed point called the fulcrum |
| efficiency | the percentage of the work put into a machine that is converted into useful work output |
| tangential speed | the linear speed tanget to a curved path, such as in circular motion |
| rotational speed | the number of rotations or revolutions per unit of time |
| rotational inertia | the property of an object to reisist any change in its state of rotation; if a rest, the boyd tends to remain at rest; if rotating it tends to remain rotating and will continue to do so unless acted on by an external net torque |
| torque | the product of force and lever-arm distance, which tends to produce or change rotation: |
| torque formula | torque = lever arm x force |
| center of mass | the average position of the mass of an object, it moves as if all the external forces acted at this point |
| center of gravity | the average position of weight or the single point associated with an object where the force of gravity can be considered to act |
| equilibrium | the state of an object in which it is not acted upon by a net force or net torque |
| centripetal force | a force directed toward a fixed point, usually the cause of circular motion |
| centripetal force formula | F - mv^2 / r |
| centrifugal force | an outaward force apparent in a rotating frame of reference. It is apparent (ficticious) in the sense that it is not part of an interaction but is a result of rotation |
| linear motion | the product of the mass of an object and its linear velocity |
| angular momentum | the product of the mass of a object and its linear velocity |
| conservation of angular momentum | when no external torque acts on an object or a system of objects, no change of angular momentum can occur. |
Created by:
lpgullett
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