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Cell & Molec 2
Unit 2 quiz questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Keratin filaments are found in which of the following cell types? | epithelial cells |
| The anticancer drug taxol acts to | stabilize microtubules and thus inhibit disassembly. |
| Which of the following movements is not based on actin–myosin interactions? | Chromosome movement during anaphase A check |
| The cargo carried by kinesin along microtubules binds to kinesin on which region? | tail |
| The drug taxol stabilizes microtubules so they cannot shorten. If taxol were added during anaphase of mitosis, what effect would you expect it to have on anaphase movements? | It would stop anaphase A but not anaphase B. check |
| The proteins Rab, Ran, and tubulin are all | G proteins, regulated by bound GTP or GDP. |
| Like myosins, kinesins and dyneins are both families of proteins. Which of the following statements is true of all kinesins and dyneins? | They are microtubule-dependent motors. |
| Actin filaments are approximately _______ in diameter. | 7nm |
| The complex network of protein filaments and microtubules that extends throughout the cytoplasm is called the _______. | find |
| Which nucleotide triphosphate is hydrolyzed during a cycle of microtubule assembly and disassembly? | GTP |
| Expression of a shortened skin keratin gene in place of the normal keratin gene in transgenic mice results in a phenotype in which mice have | fragile, easily blistered skin. |
| The GTP bound to β-tubulin hydrolyzes to GDP and Pi | following polymerization but before depolymerization. |
| Which of the following statements about intermediate filaments is true? | Rather than consisting of a single type of protein, they can be made up of a number of different proteins. |
| Actin filaments are stabilized by | tropomyosin |
| Which of the following is a protein that can link intermediate filaments with actin filaments and microtubules? | Plectin |
| Which of the following cytosolic proteins in red blood cells is the link between the plasma membrane and the spectrin/actin network beneath the cell surface? | Ankyrin |
| In moving cargo along the length of a microtubule, dynein interacts with a protein called dynactin. | true |
| The role of the centrosome is to | initiate microtubule growth. |
| Kinesin 1 is a motor protein molecule consisting of | two heavy chains and two light chains. |
| In muscle, every myofibril is organized as a chain of contractile units called myocytes. | false |
| Which of the following is the human disease caused by mutations in the proteins required for import of functional proteins into peroxisomes? | zellweger syndrome |
| Most chloroplast proteins are synthesized on | free ribosomes in the cytosol |
| The inner compartment of mitochondria is called the | matrix |
| Mitochondrial DNA is inherited by means of | maternal transmission |
| Most peroxisomal proteins are synthesized on | free ribosomes in the cytosol |
| The human mitochondrial genome encodes only 22 tRNAs. This limited array of tRNAs can read the 64 possible triplet codons through extreme wobble in base pairing at the third codon position and the use of a(n) _______ genetic code. | nonuniversal |
| Peter Mitchell received the Nobel Prize in 1978 for his revolutionary hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation, which is called the _______ hypothesis. | chemiosmotic |
| Most mitochondrial proteins are coded for by the mitochondrial genome. | false |
| Which of the following statements about mitochondria is true? | They produce most of the ATP derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates. They produce most of the ATP derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates. |
| Coenzyme Q carries electrons from complex _______ to complex _______. | I, III |
| Mitochondria lacking mitochondrial DNA are soon unable to make ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. | true |
| Mitochondria contain 1000-1500 different proteins. | true |
| Carotenoids are stored in | chromoplasts |
| Each photocenter in a chloroplast consists of hundreds of antenna pigment molecules that absorb light and transfer energy to a reaction center | chlorophyll |
| The organisms most similar to mitochondria are | α-proteobacteria. |
| Chloroplasts are similar to mitochondria in that both | have a porous outer membrane, generate ATP by a chemiosomotic mechanism, require specific transporters across the inner membrane |
| Most proteins incorporated into the thylakoid lumen are synthesized | in the cytosol, imported into the stroma, and transported across the thylakoid membrane because of a second signal sequence. |
| Peroxisomes are involved in all of the following reactions except | the biosynthesis of the enzyme catalase, which breaks down hydrogen peroxide. (check with Dr. Garza about this one) |
| The mitochondrial outer membrane contains channels composed of proteins called | porins |
| The process by which mitochondria are thought to have arisen during evolution is called | endosymbiosis |
| Mitochondria contain | genes for mitochondrial proteins, rRNAs, and tRNAs. |
| All plastids, including chloroplasts, develop from | proplastids |
| What is the major site of energy production in the form of ATP in human cells? | The inner mitochondrial membrane |
| The most abundant protein on Earth is | rubisco |
| _______ different translocon systems are used for protein import from the chloroplast stroma into the thylakoid lumen or membrane. | 3 |
| Thylakoids are often arranged in stacks called | grana |
| Where do phospholipids in mitochondrial membranes such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine originate? | in the ER |
| Which of the following is not involved in protein transport into mitochondria? | vesicular transport |
| The transport of proteins across the outer and inner chloroplast membranes occurs through complexes called | tic and toc |
| Most small molecules are permeable across | the outer, but not the inner, mitochondrial membrane. |
| Light is captured by _______ different photosystems associated with the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. | 2 |
| The proteins encoded by the human mitochondrial genome function in | mitochondrial ribosomes |
| Which of the following is not a protein translocon/translocase found in the mitochondrial inner or outer membrane? | Toc75 |
| The citric acid cycle consists of the oxidation of _______ to produce _______. | acetyl CoA; CO2, NADH, and FADH2 |
| The import of mitochondrial matrix proteins from the cytoplasm requires | ATP and a proton gradient across the inner membrane. |
| Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that chloroplasts | synthesize their own amino acids and fatty acids. |
| Most mitochondrial phospholipids are synthesized in the | ER |
| The ATP synthases of mitochondria and chloroplasts are examples of _______ proteins in which polypeptide rotation provides a mechanical coupling to ATP synthesis. | motor |
| The discovery that the intermediate filament protein keratin is essential for mechanical strength of epithelial cell layers was made in | transgenic mice |
| During muscle contraction, the A band | stays the same width, and the I bands and H zone shorten. |
| The basal bodies of cilia and flagella are similar in structure to (and can form from) | centrioles |
| Short actin filaments bind to tetramers of which protein to form the cytoskeleton of erythrocytes? | spectrin |
| Which of the following movements is not based on actin–myosin interactions? | Chromosome movement during anaphase A |
| The microtubules that overlap in the center of the mitotic spindle are called _______ microtubules. | polar |
| Actin may be cross-linked into either parallel or _______ bundles. | contractile |
| The concentration of actin monomers at which the rate of polymerization into filaments equals the rate of depolymerization is called the _______ concentration. | |
| The concentration of actin monomers at which the rate of polymerization into filaments equals the rate of depolymerization is called the _______ concentration. | equilibrium |
| The major cation responsible for regulating actin-myosin contraction is | Ca +2 |
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