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IOU ARABIC 17B
Miscellaneous Particles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| لا / ما / إِنْ | no |
| كَلَّا | Never! By no means! |
| و | and |
| ف | and/ then (immediately following) |
| ثُمَّ | then (after a period of time) |
| أَوْ | or |
| أَمْ | or/rather (in questions) |
| بَلْ | but/rather |
| لَكِنْ | but |
| لَ | indeed |
| قَدْ | indeed /certainly |
| إِنََّما | only |
| إِنْ / لَوْ | if |
| مَنْ | who |
| ما | what |
| لَوْلا | had it not been for/ were it not for/ if not for |
| أَمَّا | as for |
| فَ | then (response particle) |
| إِنْ | if / no |
| ما | what / no |