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chapter 9 vocabulary
section 1-4
Question | Answer |
---|---|
industrial revolution | refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in england in the middle 1700's |
enclosures | enclosed farms with hedges and fences |
crop rotation | the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land |
industrialization | the process of developing machine production of goods |
factors of production | the resources needed to produce goods and services that the industrial revolution required |
factories | a large building in which machinery is held to manufacture goods |
entrepreneur | a person who organizes, manages, and takes o the risks of a business |
urbanization | city building and the movement of people to cities |
middle class | a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers |
stock | certain rights of ownership |
corporation | a business owned by stockholders |
laissez faire | the economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference |
adam smith | a professor who defended the idea of a free economy |
capitalism | an economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit |
utilitarianism | the idea that the government should try to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people; created by jeremy bentham |
socialism | an economic system in which the factors of production are are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all |
communism | as a form of complete socialism in which the means of production (all land, mines, factories, railroads, and business) would be owned by the people |
unions | workers joined together in voluntary labor associations |
strike | when workers refused to work |