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SS-2/17/2016
muscles of larynx
Question | Answer |
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there are 2 groups of muscles in the larynx, what are the 2 groups, what does each group mean, and what does each group do | intrinsic has both connections in the larynx- large effect on fine movements of the vocal folds (adduction and abduction) extrinsic has one connection in the larynx one not in larynx- has effect on the position of the larynx not directly on the folds |
what are the 4 groups of intrinsic muscles | adductors, abductors, tenser, relaxer |
major adduction muscle that is on the side between cricoid and arytenoid, where does it originate and insert, what happens when it contracts | lateral cricoarytenoid, originates on the superior lateral surface of the cricoid moves up and back and inserts on the muscular process of the arytenoid, when contracted muscular process moves forward and vocal process comes together |
horizontal muscles between arytenoids, where does it originate and insert, what happens when it contracts, what is another name for the muscle | transverse arytenoid, originates on lateral surface of one arytenoid and inserts on lateral surface of other arytenoid, when contracted arytenoids and vocal folds come together, interarytenoid |
angled muscle, where is it located, where does it originate and insert, what happens to arytenoids and vocal folds when it contracts | oblique arytenoid found on top of the transverse arytenoid, originates on posterior base of muscular process and inserts to top of the opposite arytenoid, when it contracts arytenoids come together and vocal folds are almost completely together |
the transverse and oblique arytenoids are important for what process and what happens during that process and give examples | important for medial compression- folds come together very tightly with a lot of pressure between the folds, examples of this would be coughing or speaking loudly |
what muscles is used in abduction | posterior cricoarytenoid |
muscle used to rock and pivot muscular process to open vocal folds (adduction to abduction), where does it originate and insert, what happens to arytenoids and folds when it contracts | posterior cricoarytenoid, originates on posterior surface of the cricoid and inserts on posterior muscular process of arytenoid, when contracted it pulls muscular process apart to open vocal folds |
what are the two glottal tensors, which has 2 parts and what are the 2 parts | cricothyroid and thyrovocals, cricothyroid has 2 parts- pars recta and pars oblique |
muscle that has 2 parts, what are the 2 parts and what does the muscle do and what is the primary function of this muscle | cricothyroid-pars recta and pars oblique, brings the cricoid and thyroid together, primary function is to change pitch and lengthen folds |
part of the cricothyroid that inserts medially along surface of cricoid and goes up to the lower surface of the thyroid lamina, what what does this muscle go | pars recta, slightly upright muscle |
part of cricothyroid that originates at cricoid and inserts close to inferior cornu, which way does it run | pars oblique, runs at angle |
what happens to the folds and cartilages when the pars recta and oblique contract at the same time | cricoid and thyroid pull together and vocal folds tense and lengthen |
muscles of the vocal folds themselves, where do they originate and insert, what happens when they contract (tension and length), what is another name for them | thyrovocalis, originates near the thyroid notch under the epiglottis and inserts on the vocal process of the arytenoids, when contracted makes the folds tense and a bit shorter, another name is vocalis |
relaxer that originates on the inner surface of the thyroid near the notch and inserts on the muscular process of the arytenoid, what happens when it contracts (length) and when medial fibers contract | thyromuscularis, when contracts the vocal folds come together and lengthen but when the medial fibers contract the vocal folds relax |
relaxer that originates on the thyroid angle and inserts on the muscular process, what is unique about this muscle | superior thyroarytenoid, it is not present in all people |
what are the 6 extrinsic muscles of the larynx and what is their function | diagoastric muscle, stylohypid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, hyoglossus, and genioglossus- they all pull up the hyoid/larynx |
what are the 2 types of extrinsic muscles, what does each type mean and what is another name for both groups | suprahyoid- attachment above the hyoid (laryngeal elevators) infrahyoid- attachment below the hyoid (laryngeal depressors |
what happens to the larynx when pitch changes | it moves up with high pitch and down with low pitch |
muscle that has 2 bellies what is each one called and where does each one go between, what shape is made by this muscle that is unique | diagastricus anterior goes from mandibular symphyis to the hyoid and diagasticus posterior goes from mastoid to hyoid, makes a sling in the middle where the 2 bellies attach |
what happens during contraction of both, anterior, and posterior diagastric muscles | both-hyoid/larynx goes up anterior-larynx/hyoid goes forward posterior- larynx/hyoid moves back |
muscle that takes almost the same path as the diagastic posterior and it goes medially downward from the styloid process to the hyoid corpus | stylohyoid |
process that is near the mastoid it is very pointy and long | styloid process |
this is the floor of the oral cavity, originates on inner lateral surface of mandible and inserts on the corpus hyoid, is also known because it is "fanlike" | mylohyoid |
muscle that starts near the chin and goes back to connect to the hyoid at the corpus, found under the mylohyoid there are 2 of them | geniohyoid |
what do the mylohyoid and geniohyoid do when they contract | pull the larynx forward during swallowing |
3 muscules of mandibular area from bottom up | diagastric muscle, mylohyoid, geniohyoid |
what does glossus mean | tongue |
muscles that originates on superior surface of greater cornu of the hyoid then curves up and around into the sides of tongue | hyoglossus |
major muscle of the tongue, originates on inner surface of mandible and fibers go back and down to corpus, found under the tongue | genioglossus |
muscles that are sometimes refered to as strap muscles and what muscles are they | the suprahyoid muscles which are diagastiric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, hyoglossus, and genioglossus |
what are the adductor muscles | lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid |
what is the abduction muscle | posterior cricoarytenoid |
what are the tensor muscles | cricothyroid, thyrovocalis |
what are the relaxer muscles | thyromuscularis, superior thyroarytenoid |
name the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles | intrinsic-lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, cricothyroid(pars recta & oblique), thyrovocalis, thyromuscularis, superior thyroarytenoid extrinsic-diagastric,stylo,mylo, genio,hyogolssus,genioglossus |
name extrinsic suprahyoid muscles | diagastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, hyoglossus, genioglossus |