The function of the root system is ?

Anchorage, Conduction and Storage

When a person is preparing to transplant a plant ?

Expose the roots to air little as possible

Plants that are root bound in their containers should ?

Coiled roots should be straightened and pruned

The xylem is responsible for ?

Transporting water and minerals from the roots upward through the plant

A plant girdle can be described as ?

Damage to the plants food supply pipeline

A node is considered to be ?

An area on a stem where the leaves emerge

If transpiration exceeds absorption in a plant ?

The plant will show signs of wilting

In order for transpiration to occur ?

Water pressure should be lower in the top of the plant.

Fertilizing in early or late fall ?

Is a poor practice because it could cause cold damage

Hot weather effects on container plants can be minimized by:

Planting in light colored containers

The mud-pie test is used:

To determine the moisture content of the soil

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Nursery/Landscaping

Question	Answer
What is the scientific name of a plant composed of ?	Genus and species
“Alba” is a term that describes a plant as ?	White
“Triacanthos” describes a plant as ?	Three spined
The function of the root system is ?	Anchorage, Conduction and Storage
The tap root could be described as ?	A fleshy food storing organ
When a person is preparing to transplant a plant ?	Expose the roots to air little as possible
Plants that are root bound in their containers should ?	Coiled roots should be straightened and pruned
The xylem is responsible for ?	Transporting water and minerals from the roots upward through the plant
An example of a monocotyledonous plant would be ?	Corn
If the cambium layer and vascular bundles are damaged what happens to the plant ?	The plant could die
A plant girdle can be described as ?	Damage to the plants food supply pipeline
A node is considered to be ?	An area on a stem where the leaves emerge
Tulips develop each spring from ?	Bulbs
A plant that develops from a rhizome would be ?	Cannas
Potatoes are propagated from ?	Tubers
A “sucker” develops from ?	Roots
Spring flowering bulbs are usually planted in Louisiana ?	October to December
Amaryllis bulbs are usually planted ?	During Fall
“Venation” is a term used to describe a plant’s ?	Leaves
A leaf gives off water into the atmosphere through a process called ?	Transpiration
If transpiration exceeds absorption in a plant ?	The plant will show signs of wilting
In order for transpiration to occur ?	Water pressure should be lower in the top of the plant.
The pistil is the ?	Female part of the plant
Ferns reproduce from ?	Spores
The highest priority of the food produced by leaves is to feed ?	Flowers
A primary element used for plant growth would be ?	Urea
Overall yellowing of the plant beginning at the bottom of the plant could mean ?	Nitrogen deficiency
Dark green leaves with a reddish overcast could mean ?	Phosphorous deficiency
Shriveled fruit on a plant could mean ?	Potassium deficiency
Light green leaves with leaf margins turning upward could mean ?	Calcium deficiency
A 50 pound bag of 13-13-13 would contain how many pounds of nitrogen ?	6.5
A 50 pound bag of 20-15-10 would contain how many pounds of phosphorus ?	7.5
“Osmocote” fertilize depends on what factor to release nutrients ?	Moisture
Fertilizing in early or late fall ?	Is a poor practice because it could cause cold damage
Low light intensity causes ?	A decrease in photosynthesis
Roots dying from over-watering could be caused by ?	Lack of oxygen
Using water softeners could cause a problem because of ?	(Na) ions
How many inches of water must be used on a plant with a 18” root depth growing in clay?	3 inches
The field capacity for water in loam soil is about ?	15-25%
Which side of a building has the coolest growing temperature ?	North
Most warm season plant seeds need this minimum temperature to germinate:	Greater than 49 degrees F
This zone has an average minimum temperature of 20-25 degrees F.	9a
This kind of freezing occurs when plant temperature is lower than surrounding air temperature.	Radiation
The optimum temperature for temperate plants is:	77-95 degrees F
To allow outdoor plants to harden off before winter you should avoid:
Hot weather effects on container plants can be minimized by:	Planting in light colored containers
Nurseries’ greatest challenges are providing plants that:	Grow well in their area
The mud-pie test is used:	To determine the moisture content of the soil
The two forces that hold water in the soil are:	adhesion and cohesion
Autumn color in plants result in changes in the:	photoperiod
Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, and _________.	living organisms
Soils vary in texture, structure, and mineral _________.	Composition
Soil texture is classified as _______, ________, and _________.	sand, silt, and clay
When inspecting shipments of nursery plants you should examine for pests, insects, disease, and _______.	weeds
A soil sample with a pH value of 4.0 is considered to be _________.	Acid
A soil sample with a pH value of 7.0 is considered to be ________.	Neutral
Two plants that prefer more acidic soil are ________ and ________.	azaleas and camellias
Soil pH is a factor that controls _________.	plant growth
Miscellaneous organic soil additives include sawdust, leaf mold, straw, rice hulls, pine bark, peat moss, and ________.	animal manures
A problem with using some miscellaneous soil additives is that straw, fresh sawdust, and rice hulls need added ________.	nitrogen
Sawdust from pressure treated wood contains _________.	toxic residues
When storing plant seeds, refrigerators have fairly good temperatures, but are usually too _________.	Damp
_______ and ________ are the two most critical requirements for germination.	water and temperature
Water affects the ______ supply around the seed.	oxygen
Commercial growers scarify, or ________, hard seed coats mechanically or with concentrated sulfuric acid.	Scratch
Asexual (vegetative) propagation includes:	Layering, Division, and Separation
Most woody plants are propagated by ______.	Cuttings
Some plants are now being commercially propagated using ________ techniques that involve the production of new plants from tissue culture.	micropropagation
When accepting an order and inspecting shipments of plants, which of the following basic steps should be followed?	Confirm all orders, Determine if the order contains quality materials, and Examine for pests, insects, disease, and weeds
The employee in charge of watering plants should have _________.	special training
Container woody ornamentals can be injured when temperatures __________.	drop to 18 to 24 F
Sand has a gritty feeling, silt has a slick feeling, and clay has a _________ feeling.	slippery, sticky
Soil structure names include which of the following?	Sandy, Platy, and crumbly and blocky
Organic soils are those which have more than ________ organic matter.	30%
Fungi in soils can cause _________.	rotting and damping off
Soil reaction can be modified by adding certain soil additives and using ________.	specific fertilizers
_______ could equally describe a loam soil or an adobe soil as very hard to work with.	black soil
Untreated bark needs _________ nitrogen added to prevent nitrogen deficiency in plants growing in the material.	1.5%
Optimum germination temperature varies for _________.	all seeds
The temperature of the __________, not the air, is what is important.	Soil
_____________ is the biggest propagation problem.	Watering
_______________ emergence herbicides can kill existing weeds and extreme care must be used with these materials when plants are in the immediate area.	Post
Pest management also aids in maintaining plant __________.	Quality
During harsh winters, plants can be jammed together and draped with a single layer of milky ___________ plastic.	Polyethylene
When pH drops below 5.5, many nutrients become ____________.	Unavailable
When planting a solitary tree or shrub in the landscape, dig the hole at least two times ______ than the root ball of the plant.	Wider
________ help maintain a uniform soil moisture level.	Mulches
Mulch trees and shrubs to a depth of _______________.	2 - 4 inches
Newly planted trees and shrubs should receive _______ applications of fertilizer during their first growing season.	Light
Pruning is done for all of the following except: A. To guide the growth habit B. To rejuvenate older plants C. To stimulate new growth D. Because the plants look ugly	Because the plants look ugly
When the terminal bud is pruned out and the effect of auxin decreased, lateral bud break will be __________.	Enhanced
_____________ are used for branches larger than 1 ½ inches in diameter.	Pruning saws
___________ are for clipping small-leafed plants to maintain a formal appearance.	Hedge shears
_____________ are used to remove branches that cannot be reached from the ground.	Pole pruners
It is possible to rejuvenate many older shrubs that have overgrown their planting site by pruning them to within ________ of ground level.	18 inches
Upright junipers and arborvitae plants can be maintained at a small size with __________ annual pruning	Light
Organic soils are those which have more than _______ organic matter.	30%
98. ________ favorably affects soil structure by increasing the water holding capacity of sandy soils and the workability of the clay and other heavy soils.	organic matter
Soil _______ is not a factor which controls plant growth but is a good indicator of what nutrients are soluble in that particular soil.	pH
Soil with a pH of 10 is considered to be __________.	Alkaline
Most woody plants are propagated by _________.	Cuttings
When studying insects that effect agriculture we must first learn…	How to identify the insects
Biological and chemical controls of harmful insects are closely tied to…	Where, when, and how insects develop
Many chemical insecticides were developed after…	World War I
There are some beneficial insects that need to be…	Protected and promoted.
Insects are classified by…	Binomial nomenclature
Insects are grouped based on similarities and types of development. An example would be…	Type of legs, mouthparts, absence or presence of wings.
The names of most insect orders have the ending- petra, which means…	The insect possess wings in the adult stage.
Mouthparts, wings and type of metamorphosis are characteristics used to…	Identify an insect.
__________ names of insects end with –idea. An example is Aphidae (aphids).	Family
__________ names refer to large groups rather than individual species.	Common
Insects are in the class Insecta because they possess the following characteristics:	Three body regions, three pairs of legs, one pair of antennae and one or two pairs of wings.
There are three regions of an insect’s body, which of the following is NOT a region	Wings
Piercing-sucking, lapping and sponging are all examples of …	Mouthparts
This part of an insect’s body assist in detecting danger, locating food and communication.	Antennae
The most important characteristic for insects is the presence of three __________.	Pairs of jointed legs
Insects use this to feel their way, detect danger, locate their food find their mates and in some cases to communicate.	Antennae
Metamorphosis means a change in _________.	Form
This part of an insect has a great deal of variation and can be used for identification.	Wings
A newly emerged insect feeds ravenously, but the extent of its growth is restricted by __________.	Rigid exoskeleton
The process of shedding the outer skin is called _________.	Molting
Gradual metamorphosis includes which of the following stages of development?	Egg, nymph, adult.
Complete metamorphosis includes which of the following stages of development?	Egg, larva, pupa, adult.
During simple metamorphosis each developmental stage is called __________.	An instar
Of the 80,000+ diseases that attack plants in the U.S., how many attack crops that are of economic importance?	30,000
The vegetative structure of a fungus is made of thread-like material known as	Mycelium
Fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes are four major groups of plant parasitic organisms which cause	Plant diseases
There are __________ types of plant diseases.	Two
Ectoparasites are a group of __________.	Nematodes
Bread mold is a __________ and is typical of the vegetative structures produced.	Fungus
Kinds of nematodes that feed completely by entering the plant root are called __________.	Endoparasites
Scorch is a __________.	Burning of leaf margins as a result of infection or unfavorable environmental conditions
Witches’ Broom is a __________.	Broom-like growth or massed proliferation caused by the dense clustering of branches in woody plants.
Bacteria cells may divide every _________.	20 to 30 minutes
Beneficial fungi are called __________.	Saprophytes
Fungi most commonly reproduce __________.	Asexually
Nutrient deficiencies, lack of or excess soil moisture, too low or too high temperatures are all examples of __________ plant diseases.	Non-pathogenic
When a parasite or an organism attacks a plant are examples of __________ plant diseases.	Pathogenic
A susceptible host, a parasitic organism, environmental conditions are three factors always present for a __________ disease.	Pathogenic
A fungus is a multi-cellular organism which has no roots, stems, or leaves and __________.	Cannot make its own food
The formation of spores, Sclerotia, and mycelia fragments refer to the process of	Fungi reproduction
Rhizoctonia, a common disease in ornamental plants which causes the damping off of young vegetable plants is spread by __________.	Mycelia fragments
These structures can remain viable in the soil for several years until a susceptible crop is planted. They form when the mycelium of some fungi become hard.	Sclerotia
Fungi that form swimming spores thrive in low, wet areas and cause diseases such as root rot. These types of fungi are known as __________.	Phycomycetes
This is an advanced group of fungi. They produce spores on special structures inside plant tissue.	Ascomycetes
An asexual spore on exposed stalks. They resemble a small plant with fruit hanging on it. This spore is usually windblown.	Conidiophores
Inoculation, penetration, infection, incubation, invasion, reproduction, over wintering are stages in the life cycle of a __________.	Fungus
Direct penetration, penetration through stomates or through wounds is necessary in order for __________ to occur.	Infection
__________ are spread by blowing rain, insects, humans and inside seeds.	Bacteria
Symptoms of this include mottled or puckered leaves streaks on leaves and at times distorted fruit.	Virus
Tobacco, insects and seed are ways in which viruses __________.	Spread
A plant injured by this organism usually has a stunted, unthrifty appearance.	Nematode
Vegetables make ideal hosts for this organism and once the soil is infested it will always be present.	Nematode
This organism has varieties that can cause knots or galls on the roots of a plant	Nematodes
Mulching, cultivation, deep plowing and sanitation are all examples of…	Ways to control diseases.
Crop rotation, use of resistant varieties and chemicals are three ways to…	Deal with soil organisms.
Which of these is not warm-season turfgrass?	Crabgrass
Which of these types of turfgrass are not used for winter overseeding in Louisiana?	Warm-season turfgrass
Which of these is not a method of vegetativly establishing turfgrass?	Seeding
Re-establishment of turfgrass is recommended when what percentage is lost?	50%
Which type of fertilizer has a slow release but a longer residual and low water solubity?	Synthetic organic
What is the maximum amount of the length of the blade that turfgrass should be cut?	1/3
Which of these will not help to minimize thatch problems?	Planting
Turfgrass pests can be classified as all but which of the following?	Nutrient Leachers
Which of these is not recommended for transplanting trees?	Add amendments to backfill soil
Which of these is not a consideration when transplanting a plant?	Landscape Design
Which of these is not a typical type of fertilizer application for trees?	Mulch application
When removing a live branch, pruning cuts should be made in branch tissue just outside the branch _________________ and collar?	Ridge
The best time to transplant trees in Louisiana is ___________________?	November – February
which type of fertilizer should be done at planting, placed two to six inches below grade and mixed with backfill?	Slow Release
The best time of year to transplant palms in Louisiana is ___________________?	Spring – Summer
During the transplanting operation in a normal landscape setting, which rule would you NOT abide by?	Dig the hole 4 feet wider than needed
A tree is a _______ woody plant with one or several vertical trunks which grow higher than 12’ to 15’ ht.	perennial
______ can be applied either in the planting hole or on the soil surface after planting or transplanting.	Fertilizer
Pruning is ______ the plant which involves removing the leaves or inflorescences as they become senescent and unsightly.	Grooming
The best planting or transplanting time in Louisiana is from late ______ through February even though many tree species are dug at other times of the year.	November
_________ is most important after planting.	Maintenance
Maintenance is important after planting. __________ during times of dry weather is imperative, especially during the first several years.	Irrigation
When transplanting trees, remove wire or twine from around the trunk, and if balled and burlap (B&B), pull the burlap ______ down from around the ball. A. 2/3 B. 2/4 C. ½ D. None of the above	None of the above
How many inches should slow –release fertilizers be placed below ground?	6 inches
Leaving the guy wire in place too long can cause _____ of the tree stem or trunk.	breakage
Mulch conserves soil moisture and also prevents _______.	Weeds
Plants that are _______ before transplanting will suffer more than vigorous ones.	Stressed
What encourages the development of roots and shoots, promoting overall good health and vitality to plants?	tree fertilizations
______ may be cut to within one foot of the trunk.	Roots
How should the new emerging leaves be handled when clipping back?	Gather and tie in place
The plant should be given a _____________ to mat down the mulch and to firm up the soil.	final soaking
What types of fertilizer are easier and less expensive?	chemical or inorganic
What type of tissue is very important from the health standpoint of trees?	trunk tissue
___ are generally evergreen, low growing, and spreading ornamental plants.	Ground covers
Ground covers can be used for all purposes but ___.	protect the soil from walk-through traffic compaction
When deciding the type of ground cover to plant, take into account ___.	the light requirements of the plant and the amount of sunlight the location gets B. the plant’s growth habit C. the plant’s texture and color
The high cost of installing ground covers is often offset by the eventual savings in ___.	Maintenance
The abbreviation o.c. means ___.	on center
A one-gallon ground cover is planted ___ o.c. and a 4” pots are planted ___ o.c.	1’, 6”
To control weed competition in ground covers during the first few years, use ___.	Mulch, Herbicides, and Cultivation
Once established, ____ groundcovers may be needed if plants become too ragged, or too tall.	Shearing
All but ___ are recommended ground covers for LA.	Dianthus
All but ___ are recommended ground covers for the South.	Daylily
Lower growing ground covers would include ___.	Ardesia and English Ivy
___ are recommended ground covers for Louisiana.	Daylilies, Sedums, and Indigos
Compact herbaceous plants used to add color to a landscape are referred to as ___.	bedding plants
Bedding plants are normally sold in ___.	cell packs, 4-inch pots, and 6-inch pots
The greatest visual impact is obtained in the landscape when bedding plants are ___.	Massed
Place bedding plants ___ to draw the viewer’s eyes.	near doorways, along sidewalks, and end of a vista
In designing a color bed, place taller plants ___.	in the back of the bed
In designing a color bed, always place shorter, low growing varieties ___.	at the front
When purchasing healthy bedding plants, choose those that ___.	are just coming into bloom, or budded
The number of bedding plants selected for an area depends on the size of the area and ___.	the spacing between plants
Bedding plants perform better when ___ are used to insure good drainage.	raised beds
Native soils should be amended with ___ before bed construction.	Compost, peat moss, and builder’s sand
A ___ fertilizer should be added during bed preparation.	complete general , and slow-release
Bedding plants should be watered ___.	immediately after planting
Overhead watering of color beds may lead to all but ___.	drought stress
Mulch is an important component in any bed because it ___.	reduces the number of weeds, prevents soil from splashing up on the leaves, and regulates soil temperature
Deadheading is done to ___.	prevent seed formation, and encourage plants to produce more flowers
If bedding plants appear to be stunted, lightly fertilize with a complete fertilizer with a ___ ratio analysis.	3:1:2
When bedding plants become overgrown, they can be sheared back with ___ to promote branching, and a bushier plant.	hedge clippers
A(n) ___ plant complete its lifecycle in one growing season.	Annual
Many of the annuals grown in Louisiana, like begonia and periwinkles, are actually ___.	tender perennials
In Louisiana, cool season annuals are grown from ___ .	October through May
Annuals that are recommended to be grown in Louisiana shade gardens include all but ___.	Periwinkle
Annuals that are recommended for growth in bright, sunny spots include all but ___.	Lobelia
___ are hardy plants that tolerate cold temperatures. A. Pansy B. Verbena C. Snapdragon D. A and C	A and C
All but ___ are tender plants and best for warmer conditions.	Alyssum
___ are low-growing plants that do well along the edges of beds.	Ageratum
All but ___ are taller plants, which do better in the back of beds.	Pansy
Use ___ in annual cut flower gardens.	Nasturtium, Snapdragons, and Stock
Perennials are plants that live ___.	More than two years
The popularity of using perennials in the landscape has ___.	Increased
The advantages of using perennials in the landscape include all but ___.	they need to be divided as they become weak or overcrowded
Perennials that bloom in the spring should be divided in the ____.	Fall
Perennials that bloom in the summer and fall should be divided in the ___.	Spring
Recommended perennials for planting in Louisiana landscapes include all but ___.	Scarlet Sage
Perennial bulbs that are recommended for the Louisiana landscape include all but ___.	Moonvine
____ Plants provide a sizeable portion of garden sales?	Bedding
Many landscaping needs can be solved through the use of bedding plants such as?	Herbaceous plants
Their quick growth makes it possible for a new homeowner to have early ____ while waiting for more permanent plants to develop.	Color
Bedding plants can also add “___ color” to an established landscape.	Instant
The role of annuals and perennials in the landscape is primarily to provide what?	Color
Low growing plants would be used in?	Foreground
Raised beds are recommended since ____ , drainage is essential.	Water
Light sandy soils should be generously amended with how many inches of organic matter.	3-9
If the plant appears stunted, the foliage is pale and growth slows, lightly fertilize with fertilizer that has_____ ratio analysis?	3:1:2
An annual is what kind of plant?	a plant that completes its life in a single growing season
If tender perennials are not removed at the end of the warm season, and a mild winter occurs what may happen?	they will survive and will bloom again in the summer
If the plant appears stunted, the foliage is pale and growth slows, lightly fertilize with fertilizer that has_____ ratio analysis?	3:1:2
An annual is what kind of plant?	a plant that completes its life in a single growing season
If tender perennials are not removed at the end of the warm season, and a mild winter occurs what may happen?	they will survive and will bloom again in the summer
The role of annuals and perennials in the landscape is primarily to provide _____?	Color
What is the planting season for bluebonnets?	Fall
Which of the following is the botanical name for the perennial bulb Montbretia?	Crocosmia pottsii
The role of annuals and perennials in the landscape is primarily to provide _____?	Color
Which of the following is the botanical name for the perennial bulbs Canna?	Canna x generalis
Which of the following is a botanical name for the recommended perennials firebush?	Hamelia patens
What are some characteristics of drought stress?	Slight wilting, and Drooping lower leaves
Which type of plant lives longer than two years?	Perennials
Define annuals:	A plant that runs its complete life cycle in a single growing season.
Which of the following is the botanical for the recommended perennials Mexican mint marigold?	Tagetes lucida
what is the botanical name for the recommended perennials cigar plant?	Cuphea micropetala
_________ and drainage are key elements in growing roses.	Sunlight
Roses require at least ____-____ hours of sunlight daily.	8-10
Container roses may be planted at any time of the year although summer is often avoided because of _________.	Heat, and Drought stress
A soil test should be made to determine whether soil ____ should be corrected.	pH
for roses, the bud union should be about ____ inches above the soil line.	2
Generally roses require ____ inch(es) of water per week.	1
Wetting the foliage of roses is to be avoided because it leads to increased _____________.	Incidence of disease
Roses should begin a _________ program when new growth begins in the spring and continue through late August.	Fertilization
Applying too much ________ can burn the roots and possibly kill the plant	Fertilizer
Although light regular feedings are most effective, a ______________ application of fertilizer following pruning is often more feasible.	Spring and Fall
An ________________ retains moisture in the soil, keeps the roots cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter, and prevents weed growth.	Organic mulch
Which of the following is NOT an example of an organic mulch?	Pea gravel
The most common insect attacking rose flowers is/are ____________.	Thrips
__________ infested with thrips will not open properly.	Buds
__________ are probable the most common insect found on roses in Louisiana.	Aphids
__________ attack the young, growing foliage and buds, feeding on plant juices.	Aphids
Which insects can be controlled by applications of a recommended miticide?	Spider mite
What are the two most common species of spider mites found on roses?	Red and Two-Spotted
Which of the following is occasionally a pest of roses in Louisiana?	Cucumber Beetle
Which is the most widely distributed fungal disease of roses in Louisiana?	Black Spot
The Black Spot fungus is usually present on ____________.	The upper surface of the leaf
Black spot causes ____________ in roses.	Premature defoliation
To control Black Spot, ___________ should be applied throughout the growing season.	Fungicide
Which of the following is NOT a common fungicide ingredient?	Formaldehyde
____________ appears on roses in early spring and late suemmer when nights are relatively cool.	Powdery Mildew
_____________ is a fungal disorder than can be identified by the appearance of rough, circular, bright orange spots on the underside of leaves and on stems.	Leaf rust
___________ causes infected plants to become stunted. All infected plants must then be discarded.	Crown gall
Most modern rose varieties should be pruned in __________ and again in __________.	February and August
Which of the following is NOT a reason to prune roses?	To control insects
Once rosebushes are established, _________ of blossoms is encouraged.	Cutting
Landscape contractors are required by law to obtain a license from the ________________________.	Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry
The Louisiana Agriculture and Forestry Commission does NOT regulate which of the following professions?	Gardener
The Louisiana Agriculture and Forestry Commission regulates which of the following?	Nursery stock dealer, and Cut flower dealer
In order to receive fees from clients in a job regulated by the Louisiana Agriculture and Forestry Commission, one must __________________.	Hold a valid landscaping license
Those who fail to comply with Section 3804 of the Louisiana Horticulture Commission Rules and Regulations are subject to a fine of _____________.	$250 per violation
______________________ applies only to persons and property not connected with a project.	Contractor’s liability insurance
____________________ covers the contractor if faulty construction causes damage after the project is turned over to the owner.	Competed operation insurance
_____________________ is a policy where the insurance company assumes owner’s risk and covers employees only.	Workman’s compensation insurance
More business failures occur due to ________________ than contractor incompetency.	Poor record keeping
A ______________ is a type of insurance policy that ensures that the contractor will satisfactorily complete the work documented in the contract.	Bond
Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic bonds a contractor may be required to purchase?	Contract bond
A _______________ bond assures that the contractor will accept the job if it is offered to him.	Bid bond
A ________________ bond is the most common type of bond purchased. It protects the owner from default on a job according to the agreement by the landscape contractor.	Performance bond
A _______________ bond assures payment of all labor and material costs directly related to the job.	Payment or Labor and Materials bond
In most projects involving landscape construction, a client is well advised to employ a _________________.	Landscape architect
A _____________________ is responsible for all aspects of the landscape design	Landscape architect
Which of the following is NOT a factor that should be taken into consideration during an on-site visit?	Cleanliness
Which of the following is NOT a factor that should be used to determine Material and Labor Costs?	Food and travel expenses
_________________ are the costs that are generally the most difficult to calculate and require experience with actual landscape installation in order to be estimated properly.	Direct job expenses
Which of the following is NOT an item typically included in a landscaping contract?	Vacation days
The ____________________ has standardized preprinted contracts available that may be suitable for landscape contractual use.	American Institute of Architects
Which of the following is NOT a commonly used type of contract?	Sum-Plus contract
___________________ is the most common form of general contract in which the owner aggress to pay a set amount to the contractor for executing the services specified in the contract.	Fixed-Price contract
In a ______________ contract, the owner pays the contractor for necessary costs incurred in the construction of the project	Cost-Plus contract
It is unwise to participate in _____________ because the subcontractor receives the job may well be forced into a choice between doing the job at a loss or resorting to substandard workmanship.	Bid peddling
During inspection for final acceptance, the landscape contractor should have a(n) ________________ to be signed by the client.	Acceptance form
It is not a Louisiana law to include a warranty or guarantee for plants installed by the landscape contractor, but it is common practice to include a ______ day guarantee in the contract.	90
When shopping for a subcontract, the contract should preferably be rewarded to the _______________.	Lowest bidder
Which of these is not a component of successful pest management ?	Meet the needs of the home owner
A successful pest management system will ?	When using pesticides use a combination of methods to manage pests
Which of these is not a non-pesticide method of pest management?	Removal of pests from the host
__________ control involves the use of naturally occurring enemies of pests.	Biological
___________ control is the rotation of crops and using tilling to control pests.	Cultural
___________ control uses traps screens, barriers and electricity to prevent the spread of pests or reduce infestations.	Mechanical
___________ is a form of pest control where plant varieties are developed which are immune to certain pests.	Host resistance
__________ is one of the main attributes of insects and disease problems that is not associated with healthy plants.	Stress
__________ are generally the fastest way to manage pests.	Pesticides
__________ are generally the fastest way to manage pests.	Pesticides
This pesticide is used to control mites, ticks, and spiders.	Acaricide
This pesticide is used to control organisms like Bacillus, Coccus, and Spirillum.	Bactericide
This pesticide is used to control mites, ticks, and spiders.	Acaricide
This pesticide is used to control organisms like Bacillus, Coccus, and Spirillum.	Bactericide
This pesticide is used to control organisms such as slugs and snails.	Molluscicide
This pesticide is used to control organisms such as caterpillars beetles and aphids.	Insecticide
This pesticide is used to control organisms such as dandelions, crabgrass and clover.	Herbicide
This pesticide is used to control organisms such as rats and mice.	Rodenticides
Which of the following is not a common origin of pesticides?	Petroleum based pesticides
Arsenic, copper boron, chlorine and sulfur are all used in making pesticides. Which of these is a synthetic pesticide?	Chlorine
These pesticides are made from minerals.	Inorganic pesticides
These pesticides interfere with the development of pests and cause sterility.	Growth regulators
Which of these is an example of a synthetic organic pesticide?	Sevin
Which of these pesticides is an example of a growth regulator?	Extinguish
Botanical pesticides are made from __________________.	Plants or plant parts
Prior to using any pesticide, you should instruct your customers to do which of the following procedures?	Read the label of the pesticide and follow all rules and regulations
Pesticides kill in a variety of ways. Which of these is not a method?	Preventing reproduction
This method of poisoning kills pests by simply touching them.	Contact poisons
A pesticide that is toxic to some kinds of plants or animals but not to others is said to be _____?	Selective
This method of application of a pesticide will kill plants by being absorbed by the leaves, stems or roots and moving throughout the plant.	Translocated
Since all chemicals work in small amounts, care should be used to ____________.	Treat only the intended target
The ability of pests to resist poisoning is called_______.	Pesticide resistance
Climatic factors affect the effectiveness of pesticides. Which of these is not a climatic factor?	Soil
Soil texture affects the way pesticides work. Finer textured soils have more surface area to cover and may need _____	Higher application rates
Soil texture affects the way pesticides work. Coarser textured soils have less surface area to cover and may need _____	Lower application rates
Pesticide failure may be attributed to many factors. Which of these is not a factor for pesticide failure?	Water clarity
The chemicals in a pesticide that do the work are called _____.	Active ingredients
Which is not a liquid formulation of pesticides?	Flowables
the term ________ includes all information provided by the chemical company or other government bodies regarding safe and effective use of the product.	Labeling
Signal words on pesticide containers give a clue as to how dangerous the product is to humans. Which of these is not a signal word?	Toxic

Created by: jhsffa

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