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Security Chapter 5
Network Security Chapter 5 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) | A symmetric cipher that was approved by the NIST in late 2000 as a replacement for DES |
| Algorithm | Procedures based on a mathematical formula used to encrypt and decrypt the data |
| Asymmetric Cryptographic Algorithm | Cryptography that uses two mathematically related keys |
| Block Cipher | A cipher that manipulates an entire block of plaintext at one time |
| Blowfish | A block cipher that operates on 64-bit blocks and can have a key length from 32 to 448 bits |
| Ciphertext | Data that has been encrypted |
| Cleartext | Unencrypted data |
| Cryptography | The science of transforming information into a secure form so that unauthorized persons cannot access it |
| Data Encryption Standard (DES) | A symmetric block cipher that uses a 56-bit key and encrypts data in 64-bit blocks |
| Decryption | The process of changing ciphertext into plaintext |
| Diffie-Hellman (DH) | A key exchange that requires all parties to agree upon a large prime number and related integer so that the same key can be seaprately created |
| Digest | The unique digital fingerprint created by a one-way hash algorithm |
| Digital Signature | An electronic verification of the sender |
| Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) | An algorithm that uses elliptic curves instead of prime numbers to compute keys |
| Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) | A Diffie-Hellman key exchange that uses elliptic curve cryptography instead of prime numbers in its computation |
| Encryption | The process of changing plaintext into ciphertext |
| Ephemeral Key | A temporary key that is used only once before it is discarded |
| GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) | Free and open-source software that is commonly used to encrypt and decrypt data |
| Hardware Security Module (HSM) | A secure cryptographic processor |
| Hash | An algorithm that creates a unique digital fingerprint |
| Hashed Message Authentication Code (HMAC) | A hash function that is applied to both the key and the message |
| In-Band | Exchanging secure information within normal communication channels |
| Key | A mathematical value entered into a cryptographic algorithm to produce encrypted data |
| Key Exchange | The process of sending and receiving secure cryptographic keys |
| Message Digest (MD) | A common hash algorithm with several different versions |
| Message Digest 5 (MD5) | The current version of MD |
| Non-repudiation | The process of proving that a user performed an action |
| One-Time Pad (OTP) | Combining plaintext with a random key to create ciphertext that cannot be broken mathematically |
| Out-Of-Band | Exchanging secure information outside the normal communication channels |
| Perfect Forward Secrecy | Public key systems that generate random public keys that are different for each session |
| Plaintext | Cleartext data that is to be encrypted and decrypted by a cryptographic algorithm |
| Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) | A commercial product that is commonly used to encrypt files and messages |
| Private Key | An asymmetric encryption key that does have to be protected |
| Private Key Cryptography | Cryptographic algorithms that use a single key to encrypt and decrypt a message |
| Public Key | An asymmetric encryption key that does not have to be protected |
| Public Key Cryptography | Cryptography that uses two mathematically related keys |
| Quantum Cryptography | A type of asymmetric cryptography that attempts to use the unusual and unique behavior of microscopic objects to enable users to securely develop and share keys |
| RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation Message Digest (RIPEMD) | A hash algorithm that uses two different and independent parallel chains of computation and then combines the result at the end of the process |
| RC4 | An RC stream cipher that will accept up to 128 bits in length |
| RSA | The most common asymmetric cryptography algorithm |
| Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) | A secure hash algorithm that creates more secure hash values than Message Digest (MD) algorithms |
| Sponge Function | A cryptographic function that applies a process on the input that has been padded with additional characters until all characters are used |
| Steganography | Hiding the existence of data within another type of file |
| Stream Cipher | An algorithm that takes one character and replaces it with one character |
| Symmetric Cryptographic Algorithm | Encryption that uses a single key to encrypt and decrypt a message |
| Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) | A symmetric cipher that was designed to replace DES |
| Trusted Platform Module (TPM) | A chip on the motherboard of the computer that was designed to replace DES |
| Twofish | A derivation of the Blowfish algorithm that is considered to be strong |
| Whole Disk Encryption | Cryptography that can be applied to entire disks |
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ThaineOfIver