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chapter 7
Stack #213438
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| radiant | energy waves that are produced, charged, and emitted from a common center in the dental radiation tube |
| X-ray tube | produces Xrays aka vacuum tube |
| cathode | electrode in the vacuum tube that serves as a the electron source |
| filament | tungsten coil in the cathode focusing cup that generates the electrons |
| anode | serves as target for electron barrage to convert electron force into photons |
| focal spot | target area where rays are projected to make primary, or central, beam |
| collimator | device used to regulate the beam's exitfrom the tube into parallel rays and avoid stray radiation |
| aperture | opening in the lead collimator disc to regulate the size of the primary beam |
| filter | aluminum discs which are placed between collimator attachment and exit window of tube to absorb weak radiation |
| inherent filtration | all filtration devices that filter weak, longer wavelength X-rays |
| added filtration | filtration placed outside the tube head to meet safety standards |
| total filtration | the sum of the ingerent and added filtration expressed in mm of aluminum equivalent |
| milliampere control | abbreviated as mA, aka milliameter |
| kilovolt power | controls the force which attracts electrons to the anode |
| exposure time | time or duration of the interval that current will pass through the X-ray tube |
| target-film distance | distance of the film surface from the source of radiation |
| target-object distance | distance between the anode target and object to be radiographed |
| film speed | A to E; faster speed film requires less radiation exposure time |
| primary radiation | primary beam or central ray of radiation emitting from the tube head and PID |
| secondary radiation | radiation that is given off from the other matter exposed to primary beam |
| scattered radiation | radiation deflected from its path during its passage through matter |
| stray radiation | also called leakage, any radiation other than the useful beam produced from the tube head |
| remnant radiation | radiation rays that reach the film target after passing through the subject part being radiographed |
| sensitivity | ability of X-rays to penetrate and possibly ionize |
| cumulative effect | long-term effect of radiation |
| mutation effect | abnormal growth of development due to radiation causing a genetic change |
| acute radiation exposure | radiation occuring from a massive short-term ionizing dose |
| chronic radiation exposure | accumulated radiation effects from continual of frequent small exposures |
| ALARA | as low as reasonably achievable |
| maximum permissible dose MPD | maximum rate of exposure permissible for the occupationally exposed person |
| Roentgen R | the basic unit of exposure to radiation |
| rad-radiation absorbed dose | the unit of absorbed radiation dose equal to 100 ergs per gram of tissue |
| rem-roentgen equivalent measure | the unit of ionizing radiaton needed to produce the same biological effect as one roentgen of radiation |
| eythema dose | radiation overdose that produces temporary redness of the skin |
| dosimeter | radiation monitoring device with ionizing chamber or device to measure accumulated doses of radiation |
| lead apron/thyrocervivcal collar | patient apparel with lead protection for genetic cells in the torso and the thyroid glands in the cervical area |
| lead barriers,shields | operator-used devices |
| phantom | practice mannequin containing tooth and head structures to imitatae actual conditions |
| periapcial film packet | size used for intraoral periapical view of the entire tooth or teeth in a given area along with adjacent tissues and oral structures |
| bitewing film packet | size 3 radiograph that records crown and interproximal views of both arches while in occlusion |
| occlusal film packet | size 4 used intraorally or extraorally to expose large areas |
| extraoral films | radiographs exposed outside the oral cavity |
| cephalometric | also called headplates. used in orthodontic and sometimes prosthodontic dentistry |
| cephalostat | device used to stabilize the patient;s head in a plane parallel to the film and at right angles to the central ray |
| panoramic radiograph | special radiograph producing entire dentition with surrounding structures on one film |
| intensifying screen | a layer of fluorescent crystals or calcium tunstate within the cassette which will give off a bluish light when exposed to radiation |
| contrast | variations in shades from black to white |
| density | film blackening occuring from the percentage of light transmitted through a film |
| detail | point-to-point delineation or view of minut structures in a radiograph image |
| definition | outline sharpness and clarity of image exhibited on a radiograph |
| radiolucent | radiograph that appears dark, or the ability of a substance to permit passage of X-rays |
| radiopaque | portion of radiograph that appears light, or the ability of a substance to resist X-ray penetratoin |
| paralleling technique | the film packet is placed parallel to the long axis of the tooth and at a right angle to the central X-ray beam |
| bisecting angle technique | technique where the central X-ray beam is directly perpendicular with an imaginary bisecting line of the angle formed by the plane of the film and the long axis of the tooth |
| horizontal angulation | direction of the central X-ray beam in a horizontal plane |
| vertical angulation | direction of the central xray beam is placed in an up or down position |
| negative angulation | angulation achieved by positioning the PID upward |
| positive angulation | angulation achieved by positiong the PID downward |
| zero angulatoin | angulation achieved by positioning the PID parallel with floor |
| PID | position indicating device, commonly called a cone |
| film holding instrument | device sed to place and retain the film during exposure |
| biteblock | device that is inserted between the teeth to hold the film during exposure |
| bite loop/tab | paper tab or celluloid circle placed around a periapical film enabling the film to be used in bitewing position |
| film safe container | lead-lined container used to hold exposed films until processing |
Created by:
nkablaoui