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Chapter 5
Chapter 5 Terms
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Advanced Encryption Standard | A symmetric cipher that was approved by the NIST in late 2000 as a replacement for DES |
algorithm | Procedures based on a mathematical formula used to encrypt and decrypt the data. |
asymmetric cryptographic algorithm | Cryptography that uses two mathematically related keys. |
block cipher | A cipher that manipulates an entire block of plaintext at one time. |
BlowFish | A block cipher that operates on 64-bit blocks and can have a key length from 32 to 448 bits. |
ciphertext | Data that has been encrypted. |
cleartext | Unencrypted data. |
Data Encryption Standard | A symmetric block cipher that uses a 56-bit key and encrypts data in 64-bit blocks. |
decryption | The process of changing ciphertext into plaintext. |
Diffie-Hellman | A key exchange that requires all parties to agree upon a large prime number and related integer so that the same key can be separately created. |
Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral | A Diffie-Hellman key exchange that uses different keys. |
digest | The unique digital fingerprint created by a one-way has algorithm. |
digital signature | An electronic verification of the sender. |
elliptic curve cryptography | An algorithm that uses elliptic curves instead of prime numbers to compute keys. |
encryption | The process of changing plaintext into ciphertext. |
ephemeral key | A temporary key that is used only once before it is discarded. |
GNU Privacy Guard | Free and open-source software that is commonly used to encrypt and decrypt data. |
Hardware Security Module | A secure cryptographic processor. |
hash | An algorithm that creates a unique digital fingerprint. |
Hashed Message Authentication Code | A has function that is applied to both the key and the message. |
in-band | Exchanging secure information within normal communication channels. |
key | A mathematical value entered into a cryptographic algorithm to produce encrypted data. |
key exchange | The process of sending and receiving secure cryptographic keys. |
Message Digest | A common hash algorithm with several different versions. |
Message Digest 5 | The current version of MD. |
non-repudiation | The process of proving that a user performed an action. |
one-time pad | Combining plaintext with a random key to create ciphertext that cannot be broken mathematically. |
out-of-band | Exchanging secure information outside the normal communication channels. |
perfect forward secrecy | Public key systems that generate random public keys that are different for each session. |
plaintext | Cleartext data that is to be encrypted and decrypted by a cryptographic algorithm. |
Pretty Good Privacy | A commercial product that is commonly used to encrypt files and messages. |
private key | An asymmetric encryption key that does have to be protected. |
private key cryptography | Cryptographic algorithms that use a single key to encrypt and decrypt a message. |
quantum cryptography | A type of asymmetric cryptography that attempts to use the unusual and unique behavior of microscopic objects to enable users to securely develop and share keys. |
RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation Message Digest (RIPEMD) | A hash algorithm that uses two different and independent parallel chains of computation and then combines the result at the end of the process. |
RC4 | An RC stream cipher that will accepts keys up to 128 bits in length. |
RSA | The most common asymmetric cryptography algorithm. |
Secure Hash Algorithm | A secure hash algorithm that creates more secure hash values than Message Digest algorithms. |
sponge function | A cryptographic function that applies a process on the input that has been padded with additional characters until all characters are used. |
steganography | Hiding the existence of data within another type of file. |
stream cipher | An algorithm that takes one character and replaces it with one character. |
symmetric cryptographic algorithm | Encryption that uses a single key to encrypt and decrypt a message. |
Triple Data Encryption Standard | A symmetric cipher that was designed to replace DES. |
Trusted Platform Module | A chip on the motherboard of the computer that provides cryptographic services. |
TwoFish | A derivation of the BlowFish algorithm that is considered to be strong. |
whole disk encryption | Cryptography that can be applied to entire disks. |