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Chapter 5
Chapter 5 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Advanced Encryption Standard | A symmetric cipher that was approved by the NIST in late 2000 as a replacement for DES |
| algorithm | Procedures based on a mathematical formula used to encrypt and decrypt the data. |
| asymmetric cryptographic algorithm | Cryptography that uses two mathematically related keys. |
| block cipher | A cipher that manipulates an entire block of plaintext at one time. |
| BlowFish | A block cipher that operates on 64-bit blocks and can have a key length from 32 to 448 bits. |
| ciphertext | Data that has been encrypted. |
| cleartext | Unencrypted data. |
| Data Encryption Standard | A symmetric block cipher that uses a 56-bit key and encrypts data in 64-bit blocks. |
| decryption | The process of changing ciphertext into plaintext. |
| Diffie-Hellman | A key exchange that requires all parties to agree upon a large prime number and related integer so that the same key can be separately created. |
| Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral | A Diffie-Hellman key exchange that uses different keys. |
| digest | The unique digital fingerprint created by a one-way has algorithm. |
| digital signature | An electronic verification of the sender. |
| elliptic curve cryptography | An algorithm that uses elliptic curves instead of prime numbers to compute keys. |
| encryption | The process of changing plaintext into ciphertext. |
| ephemeral key | A temporary key that is used only once before it is discarded. |
| GNU Privacy Guard | Free and open-source software that is commonly used to encrypt and decrypt data. |
| Hardware Security Module | A secure cryptographic processor. |
| hash | An algorithm that creates a unique digital fingerprint. |
| Hashed Message Authentication Code | A has function that is applied to both the key and the message. |
| in-band | Exchanging secure information within normal communication channels. |
| key | A mathematical value entered into a cryptographic algorithm to produce encrypted data. |
| key exchange | The process of sending and receiving secure cryptographic keys. |
| Message Digest | A common hash algorithm with several different versions. |
| Message Digest 5 | The current version of MD. |
| non-repudiation | The process of proving that a user performed an action. |
| one-time pad | Combining plaintext with a random key to create ciphertext that cannot be broken mathematically. |
| out-of-band | Exchanging secure information outside the normal communication channels. |
| perfect forward secrecy | Public key systems that generate random public keys that are different for each session. |
| plaintext | Cleartext data that is to be encrypted and decrypted by a cryptographic algorithm. |
| Pretty Good Privacy | A commercial product that is commonly used to encrypt files and messages. |
| private key | An asymmetric encryption key that does have to be protected. |
| private key cryptography | Cryptographic algorithms that use a single key to encrypt and decrypt a message. |
| quantum cryptography | A type of asymmetric cryptography that attempts to use the unusual and unique behavior of microscopic objects to enable users to securely develop and share keys. |
| RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation Message Digest (RIPEMD) | A hash algorithm that uses two different and independent parallel chains of computation and then combines the result at the end of the process. |
| RC4 | An RC stream cipher that will accepts keys up to 128 bits in length. |
| RSA | The most common asymmetric cryptography algorithm. |
| Secure Hash Algorithm | A secure hash algorithm that creates more secure hash values than Message Digest algorithms. |
| sponge function | A cryptographic function that applies a process on the input that has been padded with additional characters until all characters are used. |
| steganography | Hiding the existence of data within another type of file. |
| stream cipher | An algorithm that takes one character and replaces it with one character. |
| symmetric cryptographic algorithm | Encryption that uses a single key to encrypt and decrypt a message. |
| Triple Data Encryption Standard | A symmetric cipher that was designed to replace DES. |
| Trusted Platform Module | A chip on the motherboard of the computer that provides cryptographic services. |
| TwoFish | A derivation of the BlowFish algorithm that is considered to be strong. |
| whole disk encryption | Cryptography that can be applied to entire disks. |
Created by:
bnash52
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