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ch 4

cellular metabolism

QuestionAnswer
metabolism refers to all of the _____ that occur in the body. chemical reactions
One reason that protein synthesis is important is that enzymes are proteins and enzymes are essential to metabolism.
Anabolic metabolism refers to A biochemical reactions that synthesize compounds.
Which of the following is an example of catabolism? .The breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria.
Catabolism refers to breakdown of large molecules.
An example of an anabolic reaction is many monosaccharides bonding, forming glycogen.
In dehydration synthesis of a carbohydrate, .monosaccharides join.
When a sucrose molecule is decomposed to yield a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule water molecule is used.
Dehydration synthesis reactions _____, whereas hydrolysis reactions _____. lose H2O to form bonds; use H2O to break bonds
Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes? They are most active at temperatures about 53 degrees C.
An enzyme is a molecule, usually a protein, that speeds the rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy.
The name of an enzyme ends in ase
The basic steps of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are: substrate and enzyme combine, forming an E-S complex. The reaction occurs, products are released, and the unchanged enzyme is released andrecycled.
Which of the following best describes the interaction between an enzyme and its substrate? .Part of the enzyme temporarily binds part of the substrate molecule.
An active site of an enzyme is the part of an enzyme that combines with a product
An important mechanism that controls metabolic pathways under physiological conditions is number of enzyme molecules, number of substrate molecules, and efficiency of the enzyme.
Three factors that increase the rates of enzyme-controlled reactions are the number of enzyme molecules, number of substrate molecules, and efficiency of the enzyme.
A cofactor is ______ and examples are _____. a necessary part of some enzymes; copper, iron, and zinc
Humans require vitamins in their diets because these nutrients act as cofactors.
A molecule that carries energy in a form the cell can use is ATP
ATP is important to cellular processes because it provides energy for cellular work when the terminal, high-energy bond is broken.
Energy is defined as the capacity of matter to change.
What is the function of ATP molecules in living cells? They hold energy from the oxidation of fuels in their high-energy phosphate bonds, and the energy is used invarious cell processes.
Oxidation during cellular respiration differs from burning in that respiration uses enzymes to lower the activation energy.
The reactions of anaerobic respiration take place in the cytoplasm
Which of the following substances increases in abundance during cellular respiration? ATP
A molecule that is common to carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways and connects these two pathways metabolically is acetyl coenzyme A.
A glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecules in glycolysis.
In the citric acid cycle carbon dioxide is released.
In cellular respiration, energy is released from molecules and is transferred to other molecules.
Anaerobic respiration occurs in _____, whereas aerobic respiration occurs in ______. cytoplasm without O2 required; mitochondria with O2 required
Anaerobic respiration breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules. .occurs in the absence of oxygen. .releases energy transfers energy to ATP molecules
A molecule that is a storage form of carbohydrate is glycogen
Which choice lists structures in order of increasing size? nitrogenous base - nucleotide - gene - chromosome - genome
If one strand of DNA has the sequence TCAGGCTATTCCCG, then the complementary sequence of the other strand is AGTCCGATAAGGGC.
DNA replication occurs during interphase of the cell cycle.
During DNA replication, the DNA double helix comes apart where hydrogen bonds join base pairs, and new nucleotides are broughtin, forming two double helices
How many codons specify the twenty types of amino acids? 61
The genetic code is the correspondence between a DNA nucleotide and a specific amino acid.
Which of the nitrogenous bases is part of DNA but not RNA? Thymine
A sequence of DNA 333 nucleotides long that is part of a gene encodes ___ amino acids. 111
DNA transcribed to mRNA always begins with the sequence AUG
Copying DNA information into an mRNA molecule is called transcription.
Transcription and translation differ in that transcription produces RNA and translation produces protein.
A peptide bond forms between adjacent amino acids held on a ribosome and bound to tRNAs.
Which DNA sequence can encode the amino acid sequence ile-asp-ser-cys-his-tyr? A.TAGCTGTCAACAGTGATA B.TAACTGTCGACGGTGATG C.TAACTAAGTACGGTGATG D.GTAGTGGCATGAATCAAT all above
A chaperone protein helps a protein to fold.
Codons are part of mRNA
Synthesis of a protein stops when .any of three "stop" codons are encountered in the mRNA.
A DNA sequence AACGGTGCACCACGG encodes an mRNA of sequence UUGCCACGUGGUGCC
A DNA sequence AACGGTGCACCACGG encodes a portion of a protein of sequence leu-pro-arg-gly-ala
A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence in less than 1% of a population that affects anatomy and/or physiology.
A mutation can cause disease if the DNA sequence changes so that one amino acid is substituted for another in a way that affects the encoded protein's functioning.
In the DNA damage response repair enzymes replace mismatched nucleotides in DNA.
Created by: lula78
 

 



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