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Chemistry Chapter 10
Crystal Cathedral High School Sophomores Chapter 10 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absolute Zero | temperature at which a substance would have no kinetic energy (holds still); zero Kelvin |
| Amorphous Material | materials with a definite shape and fixed volume |
| Boiling Point | the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the pressure exerted on the surface of the liquid |
| Brownian Motion | when molecules are in constant motion |
| Celsius | the unit of temperature used in the metric system |
| Condensation | phase change from gas to liquid (or solid) |
| Diffusion | the process by which a gas enters a container and fills it, or when the particles of two gases or liquids mix together |
| Evaporation | phase change from liquid to gas- particles escape the surface |
| Vaporization | the energy absorbed when 1kg of a liquid vaporizes at its normal boiling point |
| Fahrenheit | the unit of temperature |
| Freezing Point | temperature at which a liquid begins to form its crystal lattice structure; if it continues to form, it will become a solid |
| Gas | flowing, compressible matter with no definite volume or shape |
| Heat | the energy transferred from an object at high temperature to an object at lower temperature |
| Heat of Fusion | the energy released as 1kg of a substance solidifies at its freezing point |
| Heat of Vaporization | the energy absorbed when 1kg of a liquid vaporizes at its normal boiling point |
| Ideal Gas | a gas with particles in constant random motion that undergo elastic collisions and have no attraction to or away from each other |
| Joules | the SI unit of energy |
| Kelvin | the SI unit for temperature; the temperature scale defined so that temperature of a substance is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles and so that zero on the scale corresponds to zero kinetic energy |
| Liquid | flowing matter with definite volume but no definite shape |
| Liquid Crystals | a material that loses its rigid organization in only one or two dimensions when it melts |
| Melting Point | temperature at which the crystal lattice of a solid dissolves; if additional heat is provided, it will become a liquid |
| Plasma | the most common form of matter in the universe, but the least common on Earth; ionized gas that can conduct electrical current, but is electrically neutral |
| Pressure | the force acting on a unit area of a surface |
| Solid | rigid matter with definite shape and volume; has arrangements of crystal lattices |
| Sublimation | phase change from a solid to a gas, without passing through a liquid stage |
| Temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in the material |
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