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Chapter 42
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ___ of urine can be described in terms such as clear, or transparent, hazy ( slightly cloudy) cloudy, turbid ( particles floating within ), and milky ( very cloudy ) | Appearance |
| A ___ urine specimen should appear clear or transparent | Fresh |
| ___ that stays on top of a freshly voided specimen may indicate an increase in proteins ( proteinuria ), a clinical symptom for complication of diabetes, and heart or renal disease | White foam |
| ___ on an amber specimen may indicate the presence of bilirubin in the urine specimen ( bilirubinuria ); this is one of the clinical signs of hepatitis and other liver disorders | Greenish yellow foam |
| Foods such as garlic and asparagus, can produce a __ odor in the urine | Strong |
| A ___ odor is brought on by a bacteria from a urinary tract infection ( UTI ) | Strong unpleasant ( foul ) |
| A ____ scent is characteristic of a patient with uncontrolled diabetes because of ketones ( a byproduct of fat metabolism ) in the urine | Sweet- smelling ( fruity ) |
| The normal volume of urine produced by an adult in a 24- hour period is ___ | 750 to 2000 mL ( 0.75 to 2L ) |
| __ detect both the presence and approximate amount of these substances in the urine | Reagent strips |
| ___ analysis only detect the presence of a particular substance ( e.g., Acetest detects ketones ) and not quantity | Reagent tablet |
| Accurate results require medical assistants to use an appropriate technique and follow the quality control program established by the facility. This includes 3 steps | Quality control |
| Urine specific gravity shows the amount of dissolved substances in the urine. This test indicates the kidneys ability to concentrate urine | Specific gravity |
| Test measuring a patients ability to metabolize food 2 hours after a meal | 2-hour Pastprandial Test |
| Chemical formed when fats are metabolized rather than glucose | Acetone |
| Seaweed extract used to make certain media solid for bacterial cultures | Agar |
| Structures not normally present in a urine specimen | Artifacts |
| Byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown, orange-yellow pigment of bile | Bilirubin |
| Hardened protein material shaped like the lumen of a kidney tubule and washed out by urine | Casts |
| Laboratory test that provides information about red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, total count of each blood element | Complete blood count ( CBC ) |
| Shrunken; Formation of notches on the edges of red blood cells | Crenated |
| Inflammation of the urinary bladder | Cystitis |
| Profuse or excessive sweating | Diaphoresis |
| Laboratory blood test that determines percentage of each type of white blood cell present in a blood sample | Differential Blood Cell Count |
| Pregnancy test that uses a color-change reaction | Enzyme immunoassay ( EIA ) |
| Screening test that confirms an inflammatory process in the body by measuring how quickly red blood cells settle to bottom of calibrated tube; " Sed rate " | Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate ESR |
| Hyaline cast with fatty cells | Fatty casts |
| Galactose in the blood | Galactosemia |
| Presence of glucose ( sugar ) in the urine | Glycosuria |
| Hemoglobin a1c; Test that measures the amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin over a 3 month period | Glycosylated Hemoglobin ( GHb) test |
| Measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a volume of whole blood | Hematocrit ( Hct ) |
| Presence of blood in the urine | Hematuria |
| Iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells used to transport oxygen; Gives blood its color | Hemoglobin ( Hb or Hgb) |
| Damaged, burst cells; red blood cells are colorless and cannot be seen under magnification | Hemolyzed |
| Common casts found in urine that are pale and transparent; appear in unchecked hypertension | Hyaline casts |
| Tests used to measure antigen-antibody reactions | Immunological Testing |
| Chemical formed when fats are metabolized | Ketones |
| Globin from damaged muscle cells in urine | Myoglobinuria |
| Salts of nitric acid | Nitrates |
| Tests done in the physician office laboratory for immediate feedback | Point-of-care testing ( POCT) |
| Particles in a solution brought on by a chemical reaction | Precipitates |
| Tests that determines the size, content, and hemoglobin concentration of red blood cells | Red cell indices |
| Solid material that settles to the bottom of a urine specimen | Sediment |
| White, Fatlike substance made in the liver | Serum Cholesterol |
| To inoculate or put a specimen onto a culture plate in an established pattern | Streak |
| Top, Liquid portion of a specimen that has been centrifuged to remove solid particles | Supernatant |
Created by:
abuckler12