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Anatomy of the Cell
Anatomy of the Cel
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a compound that is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA. | Adenine |
| the destruction of cells or tissues by their own enzymes, especially those released by lysosomes. | Autoysis |
| an organelle that forms the base of a flagellum or cilium. | Basal Body |
| a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change | Catalyze |
| the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic. | Cell |
| ____________ are proteins located on the cell surface involved in binding with other cells . In essence, cell adhesion molecules help cells stick to each other and to their surroundings. | Cell adhesion Molecule |
| _______ is an immune response that does not involve antibodies, but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen. | Cell-mediated immune system |
| the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. | Cell membrane |
| a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division. | Centrioles |
| The primary means by which cell-to-cell communication as well as homeostasis in multicellular organisms occurs, involving protein receptors by receiving cells. Chemical signaling can involve small molecules (ligands) or large molecules. | Chemical signaling kehm |
| the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA | Chromatin |
| a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. | Chromosome |
| a short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Cilia occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid, or, in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion. Found in Lungs | Cilia |
| each of the partial partitions in a mitochondrion formed by infolding of the inner membrane. | Cristea |
| the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. | Cytoplasma |
| a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA. | Cytosine |
| a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. | Cytoskeleton |
| the aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell, within which various organelles and particles are suspended. | Cytosol |
| a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.the fundamental and distinctive characteristics or qualities | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
| is a type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of the specimen. It is capable of much higher magnifications and has a greater resolving power than a light microscope, allowing it to see much smaller objects in finer detail. | Electron Microscopy |
| a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| any of various proteins, as pepsin, originating from living cells and capable of producing certain chemical changes in organic substances by catalytic action, as in digestion. | Enzyme |
| any organism having as its fundamental structural unit a cell type that contains specialized organelles in the cytoplasm, a membrane-bound nucleus enclosing genetic material organized into chromosomes, | Eukaryote |
| any of various elongated filiform appendages of animals: as the slender distal part of an antenna, Example Sperm a long tapering process that projects singly or in groups from a cell and is the primary organ of motion of many microorganisms | Flagella |
| A model that describes the structure of cell membranes. In this model, a flexible layer made of lipid molecules is interspersed with large protein molecules that act as channels through which other molecules enter and leave the cell. | Fluid mosaic floo |
| The genetic material of a cell or an organism refers to those materials found in the nucleus, mitochondria and cytoplasm, which play a fundamental role in determining the structure and nature of cell substances. | Genetic material |
| spheroproteins are spherical ("globe-like") proteins and are one of the common protein types . Globular proteins are somewhat water-soluble (forming colloids in water), unlike the fibrous or membrane proteins. | Globular protein |
| are lipids with a carbohydrate attached by a glycosidic bond. [1] Their role is to serve as markers for cellular recognition and also to provide energy. The carbohydrates are found on the outer surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes. | Glycolipid |
| any of a class of proteins that have carbohydrate groups attached to the polypeptide chain. Also called glycopeptide. | Glycoprotein |
| a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. | Golgi apparatus |
| a purine base C5H5N5O that codes genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA — compare adenine, cytosine, thymine, uracil | Guanine |
| any of various simple water-soluble proteins that are rich in the basic amino acids lysine and arginine and are complexed with DNA in the nucleosomes of eukaryotic chromatin | Histone |
| the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the body's own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease. | Immunization |
| NONLIVING STRUCTURES WITHIN CYTOPLASM. | Inclusion |
| firmly imbedded in, or attached to lipid bilayer Short chains of carbohydrates attach to _______ | Integral Protein |
| These fibers are slightly larger in diameter, have more mitochondria as well as a greater blood supply and more endurance than typical fast twitch fibers. Most of the body's muscles are composed of these intermediate fibers | Intermediary fiber |
| a fibrous protein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and in hair, nails, feathers, hooves, etc. | Keratin fiber |
| a molecule that binds to another (usually larger) molecule. | Ligand |
| is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells | Lipid bilayer |
| an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. | Lysosomes |
| in which more specialized structures are embedded, and a specific part of the mitochondrion that is the site of oxidation of organic molecules. The internal structure of connective tissues is an extracellular matrix. | Matrix |
| receptor protein n. An intracellular protein or protein fraction having a high specific affinity for binding agents known to stimulate cellular activity, such as a steroid hormone or cyclic AMP. | Membrane Receptor mehm |
| a small rodlike structure, about 4–7 nanometers in diameter, present in numbers in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. | Microfilament |
| A component of the cytoskeleton though to add form, support and substance to the cells inner anatomy | Microtrabeculae |
| are organisms that consist of more than one cell, in contrast to unicellular organisms. | Multicellular Organism |
| One of the threadlike longitudinal fibrils occurring in a skeletal or cardiac muscle fiber. | Myofibril |
| an intermediate filament occurring with neurotubules in the neurons and having cytoskeletal, and perhaps transport, functions. | Nerofilament |
| A nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear envelope, , is the double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells. | Nuclear Envelope |
| a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. | Nucleoli |
| the substance of a cell nucleus, especially that not forming part of a nucleolus | Nucleoplasm |
| a structural unit of a eukaryotic chromosome, consisting of a length of DNA coiled around a core of histones. | Nucleosome |
| CONTROL CENTER FOR CELL, CHROMOSOMES FOUND WITHIN THIS STRUCTURE a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material. | Nucleus |
| HIGHLY ORGANIZED SUBCELLULAR LIVING SYSTEM | Organelles |
| the material structure of an individual life form. | Organisms |
| a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted. | Osteocyte |
| membrane proteins are proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated. These molecules attach to integral membrane proteins, or penetrate the peripheral regions of the lipid bilayer. | Peripheral Protein |
| a small organelle that is present in the cytoplasm of many cells and that contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases. | Peroxisome |
| a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm | Plasma membrane |
| a plasma membrane that bounds a cell, | Plasmalemma |
| a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. Prokaryotes include the bacteria and cyanobacteria. | Prokaryote |
| a protein complex in cells containing_______; it breaks down proteins that have been tagged by ubiquitin. | Proteasome |
| the colorless material comprising the living part of a cell, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and other organelles. | Protoplasm |
| RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. | RNA Ribonucleic Acid |
| cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells. | spindle apparatus |
| form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell. The spindle is necessary to equally divide the chromosomes in a parental cell into two daughter cells during both types of nuclear division: mitosis and meiosis. | spindle fibers |
| a compound that is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA | Thymine |
| a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of RNA. In DNA its place is taken by thymine. | Uracil |
| It has been concluded that the vault's function is the transportation of molecules, such as mRNA, from the nucleus to parts of the cytoplasm It is also thought that vaults play a role in protein synthesis. | Vault |
| A red blood cell in a hypotonic solution, causing water to move into the cell. Hypotonic refers to a lesser concentration. In biology, a hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell. | Hypertonic |
| is any solution that has a lower osmotic pressure than another solution. In the biological fields, this generally refers to a solution that has less solute and more water than another solution. | Hypotonic |
Created by:
ValWinter