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CHAPTER 20 AP gov
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Foreign Policy | A policy that involves choice taking, like domestic policy, but additionally involves choices about relations with the rest of the world. The president is the chief initiator of foreign policy in the US. |
| United Nations | Created in 1945, an organization whose members agree to renounce war and to respect certain human and economic freedoms. The seat of real power in the UN is the security council. |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization | Created in 1949, an organization whose members include the United States, Canada, most Western European nations, and Turkey. |
| European Union | An alliance of the major western european nations that coordinates monetary, trade, immigration, and labor policies, making its members one economic unit. An example of regional organization. |
| Secretary of State | The head of the Department of State and traditionally a key advisor to the president on foreign policy. |
| Secretary of defense | The head of the department of defense and the president’s key advisor on military policy, a key foreign policy actor. |
| Joint Chiefs of staff | The commanding officers of the armed services who advise the president on military policy. |
| CIA | An agency created after WW2 to coordinate American intelligence activities abroad. It became involved in intrigue, conspiracy, and meddling as well. |
| Isolationism | A foreign policy course followed throughout most of our nation’s history, whereby the US has tried to stay out of other nation’s conflicts. |
| Containment Doctrine | A foreign policy strategy advocated by George Kennan that called for the US to isolate the soviet union, contain its advances and resist its encroachments by peaceful means if possible. |
| Cold war | War by other than military means usually emphasizing ideological conflict. |
| McCarthyism | International Communism spread theory. |
| Arms races | A tense relationship beginning in the 1950’s between the US and the Soviet Union. |
| Detente | A slow transformation from Conflict thinking to cooperative thinking in foreign policy strategy and policy making. |
| Strategic Defense Initiative | Renamed star wars by critics, a plan for defense against the soviet union unveiled by President Reagan |
| Interdependency | Mutual dependency, in which the actions of nations reverberate and affect one another's economic lifelines. |
| Tariff | A special tax added to imported goods. |
| Balance of trade | The ration of what paid for imports to what is earned from exports. When more is imported than exported, there is a balance of trade deficit. |
| Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries | An economic organization consisting primarily of Arab nations that control the price of oil. |