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Microbiology 2
Midterm Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What disease produced by a Salmonella spp. is a severe form of enteric fever? | Typhoid fever |
| Which of the following agars is not selective for Enterobacteriaceae? | Buffered charcoal yeast extract |
| Why can direct microscopy not be used to provide a presumptive identification of the enteric bacteria? | The microscopic characteristics are indistinguishable from other gram-negative bacteria. |
| What bacterium is he causative agent of the plague? | Yersinia pestis |
| Why is it that most cases of salmonella food poisoning are not treated with antibiotics? | The disease is self-limiting and will subside on its own. |
| All of the following are symptoms of salmonellosis that may appear 8 to 36 hours after ingestion of contaminated food except: | headache symptoms: nausea, vomiting, and watery diarrhea |
| What two bacteria produce swarming colonies on nonselective media, such as sheep blood agar (SBA)? | P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis |
| Which organism is the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans? | Escherichia coli |
| The primary pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae include all the following except: | Proteus mirabilis primary pathogens: Salmonella enterica, Shigella spp., Yersinia spp. |
| Two bacteria with Alk/A H2S: | Salmonella and Edwardsiella |
| Two bacteria with A/A H2S: | P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis |
| Two bacteria with Alk/A: | Shigella and Yersinia |
| Two bacteria with A/A: | Aeromonas and Enterobacter |
| Alk/ Alk: | Non-fermenter |
| What organism may play a role in Guillain-Barre syndrome(GBS)? | Campylobacter |
| What organism is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide? | Campylobacter jejuni |
| What is the name of the organism that causes the disease cholera? | V. cholerae |
| Which of the following is a curved, gram-negative rod that grows on TCBS agar? | Vibrio |
| What species of Aeromonas is the most frequently associated with gastrointestinal infection? | A. caviae |
| What two biochemical tests help distinguish Aeromonas spp. from other enterics? | Oxidase and indole |
| What temperature is an optimal growth temperature for Campylobacter jejuni? | 42 degrees C |
| Stool culture, campy plate incubated at 42C.The colonies are nonhemolytic, moist, "runny looking," and spreading. The gram stain shows tiny gram-negative rods with some S-shapes and seagull-wing shapes. What is growing on the plate? | Campylobacter |
| What biochemical test will differentiate nonfermenters from Enterobacteriaceae (except Plesiomonas)? | Oxidase |
| The three species of nonfermenters that make up the majority of isolates routinely seen in clinical laboratories include all the following except: | P. putida 3 species: Psuedomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia |
| What organism causes pulmonary disease among individuals with cystic fibrosis? | P. aeruginosa |
| Sputum culture, SBA (sheep blood agar), flat spreading colonies with metallic sheen. On centrimide agar, a fluorescent green color seen with clear colonies. On Mac, medium clear colonies seen, w/ a fruity or grapelike odor. Most likely organism? | P. aeruginosa |
| Characteristics of Moraxella include: | All: oxidase positive and nonmotile, biochemically inert and aerobic, susceptible to penicillin and opportunistic pathogens |
| What is the most common member of the genus Moraxella isolated in the clinical laboratory? | M. catarrhalis |
| Which nonfermenter is considered by government agencies to a potential bioterrorist agent? | burkholderia mallei |
| What is the name of the organism that colonize 45% of all tracheotomy patients? | Acinetobacter spp. |
| Despite all its virulence factors, what type of pathogen is Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | Opportunistic |
| All of the following are characteristics of nonfermenters except: | Indole positive Characteristics: thin gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli, oxidase positive, resistance to a variety of antimicrobials, such as aminoglycosides, third-generation cephalosporins, penicillins, and fluoroquinolones. |
| The three species of non fermenters that make up the majority of isolates routinely seen in clinical laboratories include all the following except: | P. putida 3 species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. and stenotrophomonas maltophilia |
| .S. sonnei: | Antigen group D |
| S. boydii: | Antigen group C |
| S. dysenteriae: | Antigen group A |
| S. flexneri: | Antigen group B |
| Which of the following test results is most helpful in categorizing an isolate as a member of the tribe Proteeae? | Positive phenylalanine deaminase |
| The causative agent of plague is: | Yersinia pestis |
| 47 yr. old back from Mexico, 3-day of vomiting and diarrhea, withiout fever, and no fecal leukocytes were found in stool. Culture grew E. coli. Which strain is the most likely cause of the infection? | ETEC |
| What organism is often associated with lobar pneumonia in elderly hospitalized patients? | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| The most common cause of community-acquired UTIs is: | Escherichia coli |
| Which organism is an opportunistic pathogen that causes wound and urinary tract infections and may cause the production of kidney stones? | Proteus mirabilis |
| An enteric organism that is acquired by eating improperly prepared and cooked or preserved contaminated food and produces dysentery is: | Shigella spp. |
| Which of the following Vibrio spp. would you except to be most likely isolated from a blood culture? | V. vulnificus |
| Which of the following genera is typically microaerophilic? | Helicobacter |
| Campylobacter jejuni is most noted for causing: | Gastroenteritis |
| Which of the following is a risk factor for acquiring V. alginolyticus infection? | Fishing or swimming in ocean water |
| Darting motility is a characteristic of: | Campylobacter |
| Which of the following tests is most helpful is differentiating C. jejuni from the other Campylobacter spp.? | Hippurate hydrolysis |
| 1- Myonecrosis- 2- Tetanus- 3- Botulism- 4- Psuedomembranous colitis- 5- Actinomycosis- | 1- Clostridium difficile 2- Clostridium perfringens 3- Clostridium tetani 4- Clostridium botulinum 5- Actinomyces spp. |
| An organism that can live and grow in reduced concentrations of oxygen but prefers an anaerobic environment is known as: | Aerotolerant anaerobe |
| Some anaerobes are particularly susceptible to oxygen because they lack the enzyme: | Superoxide dismutase |
| Endogenous anaerobes least likely to be involved in cases of bacteremia are: | Eubacterium |
| Which of the following specimens would be unacceptable for anaerobic culture? | Urethral swab |
| A gram-pos bacillus was isolated from a wound specimen and had the following characteristics: double zone of B-hemolysis, lecithinase-pos, lipase-neg, indole-neg. What is the most likely identification of this organism? | Clostridium perfringens |
| Which of the following is (are) fluorescent stain(s) used in the detection of the mycobacteria? | Auramine- rhodamine |
| A nonpigmented mycobacterium is isolated that reduces nitrate to nitrite and is niacin-positive. You should suspect: | M. tuberculosis |
| The causative agent of Hansen disease: | None |
| The skin test for tuberculosis: | Detects a cell-mediated immune response to mycobacterial antigens |
| A microbiology tech is reading an anaerobic culture and observes a double zone of hemolysis on an anaerobically incubated sheep blood agar plate. The gram stain of that organism was a boxcar-shaped, gram-positive bacillus. What organism is this? | Clostridium perfringens |
| How are suspected colonies of anaerobes processed? | All- gram stain morphology and reaction is observed, an aerotolerance test is set up, and a pure culture/subculture plate is inoculated and appropriate disks are added. |
| Which of the following is considered a better specimen for anaerobic culture than a swab? | Aspirate |
| An obligate anaerobe is an organisms that: | grows only in the absence of molecular oxygen |
| What type of bacteria are in the genus Clostridium? | Spore-forming anaerobic bacilli |
| What organism most commonly causes gas gangrene? | C. perfringens |
| An elderly pt in a nursing home is recovering from bacterial pneumonia. The pt has been on a lengthy regimen of antibiotics to kill the organism causing the disease. A few days later, the pt is diagnosed w/ pseudomembranous colitis. Organism is the cause? | Clostridium difficile |
| All of the following are non-spore-forming, anaerobic, gram-positive bacilli except: | Clostridium |
| What are two important factors that must be taken into consideration when transporting specimens for anaerobic culture? | Minimizing exposure to oxygen and preventing drying out |
| What evidence indicates the presence of anaerobes in cultures? | All- foul odor from opening anaerobic jar/bag, growth on anaerobic plates, but not sheep blood(SBA) plates incubated in the CO2 incubator, and colonies on kanamycin-vancomycin laked blood agar(KVLBA) that fluorescence brick-red under UV. |
| What disk is used to presumptively identify Peptostreptococcus anaerobius? | Sodium polyanethol sulfonate |
| A micro tech read anaerobic plate-intestinal abscess. Growth on the Bacteroides bile esculin(BBE) plate:gray colonies w/ brown color in area around colonies. Dark precip in med in areas of heavy growth. Gram stain and have gram-neg coccobacilli. Organism? | B. fragilis |
| What is the ideal anaerobic incubation system? | Anaerobic chamber |
| Bacterial vaginosis is a synergistic infectious process involving all of the following bacteria except: | Eubacterium All- Bacteroides, Gardnerella, and peptostreptococcus |
| All of the following are non-spore-forming, anaerobic, gram-positive bacilli except: | Clostridium All- Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, and Eubacterium |
| An immunosuppressed patient notices sinus tracts that are draining pus. He also notices that there appear to be small, hard "nuggets" in the pus. What disease will his doctor most likely diagnose? | Actinomycosis |
| What disease does Clostridium perfringens cause? | Food poisoning |
| All of the following procedures should be performed on clinical specimens to recover anaerobic bacteria except: | Kinyoun stain All- specimen plating on appropriate tubed and plated media, anaerobic incubation, and gram stain |
| Spirochetes are made up of all the following except: | Helicobacter All- Leptospira, Borrelia, and Treponema |
| Acceptable specimens during the first week of leptospirosis include which of the following? | Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and Blood |
| What diseases do Borrelia spp. cause? | Lyme disease and relapsing fever |
| Woman has bruise looks like erythema chronicum migrans lesion on lower leg. Hiking in woods last weekend. Bruise goes away. 2 weeks later, feels very bad. Joint and bone pain, extreme fatigue, and her heart doesn't feel right. What disease and antibiotic? | Lyme disease and doxycycline |
| A man takes a shower & notices a lesion on penis that is not tender but firm w/ clean surface & raised edges. He is dismayed and goes to his dr. The dr. does a rapid plasmin regain(RPR) & a darkfield microscopy. Both tests are pos. Probable diagnosis? | Syphilis |
| What is the primary method used to screen for syphilis infections? | Serologic |
| What is example of a nontreponemal test? | Rapid Plasmin Reagin (RPR) |
| What organisms are considered obligate intracellular parasites? | Chlamydia |
| What organism's unique life cycle contains an elementary body and a reticulate body? | Chlamydia |
| What is the most commonly used test technique to detect Chlamydia trachomatis infection? | Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) |
| What disease, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, is considered a sexually transmitted disease where the organisms enter the lymph nodes near the genital tract, resulting in bubo formation and ultimately rupturing the lymph node? | Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) |
| What organism causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever? | R. rickettsii |
| Diseases caused by rickettsial organisms are typically transmitted to man by: | An arthropod vector |
| Mycoplasmas are a different type of bacteria because they do not have a: | cell wall |
| What disease causes the condition primary atypical pneumonia? | M. pneumoniae |
| What time frame is suitable for blood draws for serologic testing to diagnose Mycoplasma infections? | Onset of symptoms and 2 to 3 weeks later |
| What is the purpose of the digestion-decontamination processing of specimens submitted for mycobacterial culture? | To allow chemical decontaminants to kill nonmycobacterial organisms |
| A microbiologist is checking the mycobacteria cultures. She notices growth in one tube of Lowenstein-Jensen(LJ) that is a buff color, rough, and seems arranged in a cord. I has taken these organisms 4 weeks to grow. What is the most probable organism? | M. marinum |
| What test method is used to detect antibodies to Mycoplasma spp.? | Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) |
| What are photochromogens? | Species that produce carotene pigment upon exposure to light |
| What is the antigen used in the purified protein derivative(PPD) skin test? | A purified protein from the cell wall of M. tuberculosis |
| All of the following are traditional characteristics used to identify mycobacteria except: | gram stain results All- rate of growth, colony morphology, and pigmentation |
Created by:
Megan Hohenberg