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Chapter 2
Chapter 2 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adware | A software program that delivers advertising content in a manner that is unexpected and unwanted by the user. |
| armored virus | A virus that goes to great lengths in order to avoid detection. |
| backdoor | Software code that gives access to a program or a service that circumvents normal security protection. |
| botnet | A logical computer network of zombies under the control of an attacker. |
| command and control | The structure by which a bot herder gives instructions to zombies in a botnet. |
| computer virus | Malicious computer code that, like its biological counterpart, reproduces itself on the same computer. |
| dumpster diving | The act of digging through trash receptacles to find information that can be useful in an attack. |
| hoax | A false warning designed to trick users into changing security settings on their computer. |
| impersonation | A social engineering attack that involves masquerading as a real or fictitious character and then playing out the role of that person on a victim. |
| keylogger | Software or a hardware device that captures and stores each keystroke that a user types on the computer's keyboard. |
| logic bomb | Computer code that lies dormant until it is triggered by a specific logical event. |
| macro | A series of instructions that can be grouped together as a single command, often used to automate a complex set of tasks or a repeated series of tasks. |
| macro virus | A computer virus that is written in a script known as a macro. |
| malware | Software that enters a computer system without the user's knowledge or consent and then perform an unwanted and usually harmful action. |
| metamorphic malware | Malware that changes its internal code to one of a set number of predefined mutations whenever it is executed. |
| oligomorphic malware | Malware that changes its internal code to one of a set number of predefined mutations whenever it is executed. |
| pharming | A phishing attack that automatically redirects the user to a fake site. |
| phishing | Sending an email or displaying a web announcement that falsely claims to be from a legitimate enterprise in an attempt to trick the user into surrendering private information. |
| polymorphic malware | Malware code that completely changes from its original form whenever it is executed. |
| program virus | A computer virus that infects executable program files. |
| ransomeware | Malware that prevents a user's device from properly operating until a fee is paid. |
| rootkit | A set of software tools used by an attacker to hide the actions or presence of other types of malicious software. |
| shoulder surfing | Watching an authorized user enter a security code on a keypad. |
| social engineering | A means of gathering information for an attack by relying on the weaknesses of individuals. |
| spam | Unsolicited email. |
| spear phishing | A phishing attack that targets only specific users. |
| spim | A variation of spam, which targets instant messaging users instead of email users. |
| spyware | A general term used to describe software that spies on users by gathering information without consents. |
| tailgating | When an unauthorized individual enters a restricted-access building by following an authorized user. |
| Trojan Horse | An executable program that is advertised as performing one activity but which actually performs a malicious activity. |
| typo squatting | Redirecting a user to fictitious website based on a a misspelling of the URL. |
| URL hijacking | Redirecting a user to fictitious website based on a a misspelling of the URL. |
| vishing | A phishing attack used telephone calls instead of emails. |
| watering hole attack | A malicious attack that is directed toward a small group of specific individuals who visit the same website. |
| whaling | A phishing attack that targets only wealthy individuals. |
| worm | A malicious program designed to enter a computer via a network tot take advantage of a vulnerability in an application or an operating system. |
| zombie | An infected computer that is under the remote control of an attacker. |
Created by:
bnash52
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