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Chapter 15

population

QuestionAnswer
1. What is a population? consists of all the individuals of a species that live together in one place at one time.
2. What is demography? The statistical study of all populations.
3. What do demographers study? Composition of population and try to predict how the size of the population will change
4. Why do populations grow? Individuals tend to have multiple offspring over their lifetime.
5. What limits the growth of populations? Limited resources in an environment
6. Name 3 key features of populations. Population size, Population density, Dispersion
7. Describe 3 patterns of dispersion. Randomly spaced: the location of each individual is self-determined or determined by chance.Clumped disptribution: indv. bunched together in clusterEvenly spaced: regular intervals
8. What is a population model used for? predict hypothetically how population will grow
9 What does an exponential growth curve show? a curve in which the rate of population growth stays the same, as a result the population size increases steadily
10. What is carrying capacity? population size that an environment can sustain
11. What does the logistic model show? exponential growth is limited by density-dependent factor (shows the declining resources available to population growth)
12. What is the difference between density-dependent and density independent factors? density-dependent poulation depends on resources like food and waterdensity independant growth is limited by environmental conditions
13. What is the difference between r-strategists and k-strategists? r-strategists grow exponentially when environmental conditions are good!k-stategists - grow slowly because their population density is usually near the carrying capacity (K) of their environment
14.What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle state? the frequencies of alleles in a population don't change unless evolutionary forces act on population
15. Name the 5 evolutionary forces that can affect the Hardy-Weinberg principle. gene flow, nonrandom mating, genetic drift, natural selection, and mutation
16. How do mutations affect populations? change in allele frequencies
17. How does gene flow affect populations? creates movement of alleles into or out of a population
18. How does nonrandom mating affect populations? causes a low frequency of hetrozyotes, doesn't change the frequencies of alleles
19. How does genetic drift affect populations? causes a random change in allele frequency in a population
20. How does natural selection affect populations? the process by whcich individuals that have favorable varioations and are better apapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do
21. What is a normal distribution? a distribution of numerical data whos e graph is bell-shaped curve this symmetrical about the average
22. What is directional selection? frequency of a particular trait moves in one direction in a range
23. What is stabilizing selection? the distribution becomes narrower, tendinding to stabilize the average by increasing population.
A colony of bacteria that has a limited food supply likely will undergo ____ growth? logistic
According to the Hardy-Weinberg principles, allele frequencies in randomly mating population withouth selction ? increan and then decrease
which is not a cause of gentic change? random mating
Why is it unlikely that natural selection will quickly reduce the frequency of hemophilia? Dominant homozygotes can have affected children
Created by: Katc
 

 



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