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Chemistry Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | The science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter changed under different conditions. |
| Organic Chemisty | The study of substances that contain the element carbon. |
| Organic | Means that the material contains both carbon and hydrogen from either natural or synthetic sources. |
| Inorganic Chemistry | The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon. |
| Matter | Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight). |
| Element | It cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity. |
| Atoms | The smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element. Cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. |
| Molecules | A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions. |
| Elemental Molecule | A molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions. |
| Compound Molecules (compounds) | Chemical combination of two or more atom of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions. |
| Physical Properties | Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction. Do not involve a chemical change in the substance. |
| Chemical Properties | Characteristics that can only be determined by chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance. |
| Physical Change | A change in the form or physical properties of a substance, without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance. |
| Chemical Change | A change in the chemical composition or makeup of a substance. |
| Oxidation | Refers to a chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide. |
| Oxidation-Reduction | AKA Redox, is a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen). |
| Oxidizing Agent | A substance that releases oxygen. |
| Reduction | The process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance through a chemical reaction. |
| Exothermic Reactions | A chemical reaction that releases a significant amount of heat. |
| Combustion | The rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light. |
| Pure Substance | A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions. |
| Physical Mixture | A physical combination of matter in any proportions. |
| Solution | A stable physical mixture of two or more substances. |
| Solute | The substance that is dissolved into solution. |
| Solvent | The substance that dissolves the solute and makes the solution. |
| Miscible | Liquids are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form the solution. |
| Immiscible | Liquids are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions. |
| Suspensions | Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid. |
| Emulsion | An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not stay blended) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier. |
| Emulsifier | An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend. |
| Surfactants | Substances that allows oil and water to mix, or emulsify. |
| Lipophilie | Having an affinity for an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving). |
| Oil-in-water Emulsion | Oil droplets are emulsified in water |
| Water-in-oil Emulsion | Water droplets are emulsified in oil. |
| Volatile Alcohols | Those that evaporate easily, such as isopropyl alcohol (rubbing) and ethyl alcohol (hairspray and alcoholic drinks). |
| Alkanolamines | Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products. |
| Ammonia | Ammonium hydroxide and ammonium thioglycolate are examples of these compounds that are used to perform chemical services in a salon. |
| Glycerin | A sweet, colorless, oily substance. It is used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams. |
| Silicones | Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers. |
| Volatile Organic Compounds | Compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile). |
| pH | Abbreviation for possible hydrogen |
| Ion | An atom or molecule that carries an electric charge. |
| Ionization | The separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions. |
| Anion | An ion with a negative electrical charge |
| Cation | An ion with a positive electrical charge. |
| pH Scale | A measure of acidity and alkalinity of a substance. |
| Logarithm | Multiples of ten. |
| Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) | Examples of acids often used in salons to exfoliate the skin and to help adjust the pH of a lotion or cream |
| Alkalis | AKA bases, owe their chemical reactivity to the hydroxide ion. |
Created by:
BridgetteMunroe
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