Advantages of digital radiography over film/screen imaging systems include:

Access, portability, and storage

Before making an x-ray exposure, the operator should ensure

that non-essential persons are out of the x-ray room and the door is closed

When x-rays are absorbed by body tissue they cause

ionization of atoms and molecules

A material that has a higher Z number is _______

a material that is more radiopaque.

A material that has increased tissue thickness is ___________

a material that is more radiopaque.

A material that had increased tissue density is __________

a material that is more radiopaque.

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Question	Answer
Advantages of digital radiography over film/screen imaging systems include:	Access, portability, and storage
The development of digital radiography grew out of experimentation with	Ultrasound
The device that includes a tray to hold the image receptor	Bucky
What removes scatter radiation and prevents it from reaching the image receptor?	Grid
The device that limits the size of the radiation field	Collimator
The special mechanism that stops tube movement at a specific location is	Detent
The device that receives the remnant beam and forms the latent or invisible image	Image receptor
What are the three types of image receptors	Film based, CR, and DR
A _____cassette containing film receives the x-ray beam.	Film based
A film based cassette containing film receives the x-ray beam. The film now contains a ____ image.	Latent
The latent image will become visible after the film is chemically processed in a	Darkroom
A _____ cassette containing a phosphor plate receives the x-ray beam	CR
In a ______ image receptor system and electronic plate receives the x-ray beam and produces an electronic signal that is sent directly to a computer for processing and digital image formation.	DR
The correct term for movement of the x-ray tube from the foot end toward the head end of the patient	Longitudinal
The movement of the x-ray tube from 30" to 40" above the image receptor is called____	Vertical
The term from tilting the x-ray table so that the head is lower than the feet	Trendelenburg
________ controls the quantity of x-rays produced	mAs
_________ controls the penetrating ability of x-rays	kVp
What are the cardinal principles of radiation protection?	Time, Distance, and Shielding
Before making an x-ray exposure, the operator should ensure	that non-essential persons are out of the x-ray room and the door is closed
The radiation that exits the X-ray tube port is called	primary radiation
A _______ is negatively charged and is found in an orbital shell around the nucleus of an atom.	Electron
A _______ is positively charges and is in the nucleus of an atom.	Proton
A ______ has no electrical charge and is in the nucleus of an atom.	Neutron
A charged particle is a ______	Ion
What is the term for two oppositely charged particles?	Ion Pair
_______ is the process of an electron leaving its orbit around a neutral atom.	Ionization
________ means equal in all directions	Isotropic
_________ is the ability to do work.	Energy
________ is anything that occupies space and has mass.	Matter
________ is the quantity or amount of matter.	Mass
Electromagnetic radiation travels at ______ miles/second	186,000
Electromagnetic radiation has no_________	mass
The electromagnetic radiation with the highest energy	gamma rays
x-rays have a higher energy than	visible light
When x-rays are absorbed by body tissue they cause	ionization of atoms and molecules
Ionization can result in	biologic damage
Material that allows x-ray to pass through	soft tissue
A radiographer receives an exposure of 80 rem standing 2 feet from the patient. What will it be at 4 feet.	20 rem
A material that has a higher Z number is _______	a material that is more radiopaque.
A material that has increased tissue thickness is ___________	a material that is more radiopaque.
A material that had increased tissue density is __________	a material that is more radiopaque.
The _______ is positively charged.	Anode
The _______ is negatively charged.	Cathode
The _____ contains the target.	Anode
The ____ contains the filament.	Cathode
The ____ is headed to produce thermionic emission of electrons.	Filament
The _____ often contains small and large filaments within a focusing cup	Cathode
99% of the energy of the electrons striking the target is converted to _____.	Heat
_____ is produced when the electron striking the target interacts with the target atom nucleus, slows down, and changes direction	Bremsstrahlung x-rays
______ is produced when the electron striking the target ejects an inner shell electron of the target atom, then an outer shell fills the vacancy with the release of an x-ray photon.	Characteristic x rays
What is the area of the target with which electrons interact?	Focal Spot
What keeps the electrons in a stream toward the anode target?	Focusing cup
What rotates during exposure to dissipate heat?	Anode
What is used to provide better resolution?	Small filament
The effective focal spot size is	the area of the source of radiation that is projected toward the patient and the image receptor
Higher kVp results in x-rays that	extends and intensifies the x-ray emission spectrum, such that the maximal and average/effective energies are higher and the photon number/intensity is highe
Higher kVp should be used for	larger or more dense body parts
The glass or metal envelope of the x-ray tube	maintains a vacuum
An exposure made at 200 mA, 0.1 seconds, 80 kVp would have _____ mAs.	20
______ removes low energy x-ray photons from x-ray beam that causes unnecessary patient exposure.	Filtration
Filtration results in:	increased beam quality
What describes preprogramming techniques that correspond to the anatomy to be x-rayed?	APR (Automatically Programmed Radiography)
The operator selects an x-ray detector area corresponding to the anatomy of interest, for example the center cell may be selected for an AP lumbar spice radiograph. This is known as _____.	AEC (Automatic Exposure Control)
Prolonged rotoring, making a rapid series of high exposures, or making exposures on a cold anode contribute to x-ray tube failure due to	overheating
_____ is directly proportional to the quantity of the x-ray beam.	mAs
_____ determines quality of the x-ray beam.	kVp
______ affects sharpness of the image.	Focal spot size
Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) requires:	Accurate positioning, cannot be used for table-top procures, and provides consistent radiographic density
An x-ray of the hand requires _____ kVp than an x-ray of the abdomen.	Less
A backup time should be set to	terminate the exposure in the event of an AEC failure
The rotor starts the	anode rotation and filament heating
Which prime radiographic exposure factor is the distance from the X-ray tube to the image receptor?	SID
The two prime radiographic exposure factors that together determine the total quantity of radiation produced is mA and ______.	Time
The two prime radiographic exposure factors that have a directly proportional relationship to image density are time and _____	mA
By increasing this prime radiographic exposure factor by 15% the image density will approximately double.	kVp
Decreasing this factor decreases the penetrating ability of the x-ray beam.	kVp
The prime factor used to control image contrast is _____.	kVp
This factor is standardized and does not vary from patient to patient.	SID
Doubling mA and ______ results in doubling the radiographic density.	Time
________ is the difference in density between adjacent areas of the image	Contrast
________ is the overall blackness of the radiograph	Density
_____ is the misrepresentation of the true size or shape of an object	Distortion
______ is image clarity or the ability to visualize small structures.	Detail
This image quality factor is primarily controlled by mAs	Density
This image quality factor is decreased by increasing SID	size distortion (magnification)
This image quality factor is increased when the body part is not parallel to the image receptor or when the central ray in angled	shape distortion
This image quality factor is decreased by increased patient motion.	Detail
_______ is the thickness of an absorbing material that will reduce the x-ray beam intensity to one half its original value	Half Value Layer
The unsharp edges of the body part on an image is termed	penumbra
Radiosensitive material that receives the remnant beam and forms an image of the body part is the _________	Image Receptor
The invisible image contained in film prior to processing is the ______	latent image
The ________ can be seen in film after processing.	Manifest image
__________ is when light is emitted only when stimulated.	Fluoresence
The purpose of intensifying screens is to ________ the amount of radiation required to produce an image.	Decrease
When using intensifying screens, _______% of the image is actually formed by light from the intensifying striking film.	99
Screen ______ refers to how efficiently the screen converts x-ray energy to light energy.	Speed
As screen speed increases, the number of x-rays needed to produce adequate density _________	decreases
The wire mesh test is used to	monitor screen film contact
The back of the cassette is	rubber or felt
Pairing a green light emitting screen phosphor with a film sensitive to green light is termed	spectral matching
Intensifying screens should be cleaned every	2-3 months or as needed to remove dust
As screen speed increases recorded detail	decreases
Poor film screen contact results in ______	loss of image detail
_________ refers to the practice of using the oldest film on the shelf first.	FIFO
During _______fixer and developer are constantly being replaced	Replenishing
The ______ includes rollers and racks to move and change direction of the film.	Transport system
The ________ removes unexposed silver halide crystals from the film.	Fixer
The _________ removes processing chemicals from the film.	Wash
The ________ converts exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver	Developer
The _____ constantly moves the chemicals and keeps them at the proper temperature.	Recirculation system
The ________ removes moisture from the film and vents exhaust.	Dryer
The _______ is a strong acid	Fixer
The _________ is a strong base	Developer
_______ temperature is critical and is typically 95 degrees F	Developer
An ____ is an unwanted density on the image that can obscure anatomy.	artifact
Automatic fil processing is faster than manual processing and gives more	consistent results
If the kVp is increased, the amount of scatter produced will	Increase
What are the factors that increase scatter fog?	Increase kVp, Increase patient thickness, increase beam size
Compton scattering is called	scatter radiation
Increasing the kVp will ___ _____ _____ on a radiographic image	increase scatter fog
Increasing the field size will ___fog on a radiographic film.	Increase
Increasing patient or part thickness will ______ fog on a radiographic film.	Increase
___ is the relationship between height of the lead strips and the space between the strips.	Grid ratio
_____ is the distance at which a focused grid should be used	Grid radius
More collimation (smaller field size) results in ______ in patient dose.	Decreased
More collimation (smaller field size) results in _________ in operator dose.	Decreased
More collimation (smaller field size) results in _____ scatter production	Decreased
More collimation (smaller field size) results in _______ of the image contrast.	Increase
_______is the standard imaging and interface file format	DICOM
A _______ system uses a flat panel detector.	Direct or Digital Radiography (DR)
Information arranged in a series of rows and columns is called __________	Matrix
__________ is used in digital imaging to determine whether the exposure received by the image receptor was in the appropriate range.	Exposure Index or Indicator
________ is a post processing technique used to amplify changes in anatomy or disease.	Duel Energy Subtraction
A ____ is a picture element.	Pixel
__________ is software used to process and store image information	PACS
An increase in ________ results in a smaller pixel size and increased spatial resolution	Matrix
_______ uses a photostimulable phosphor plate in a cassette.	Computed Radiography (CR)
________ uses a reader that scans the phosphor plate with a laser light	Computed Radiography (CR)
________ refers to the tendency for technologist to use higher exposure settings when using digital radiographic imaging.	Dose creep
________ is the principle that exposure settings should result in radiation dose that is As Low as Reasonably Achievable	ALARA
Digital receptor provide a wide range of exposure latitude when compared with.	film-screen systems
Using digital imaging results in fewer rejected images for reasons of	over-exposures and under-exposure
What are the technical factors are used when performing a radiographic procedure?	SID, OID, Collimation
A ______ uses the rule of adding 2 kVp per centimeter of part thickness	Variable kVp chart
A ________ results in consistent image contrast	Fixed kVp chart
A______ uses tissue thickness calipers to measure the part.	Fixed and Variable kVp chart
By using the correct technical factors, you provide	consistent, quality images at a low dose
Technique chart are based on	thickness of tissue and anatomic area
The tool used to measure the patient body part is a ______	caliper
The optimal kVp range for small extremities is	50-60 kVp
The optimal kVp range for the abdomen, ribs, and vertebral column is ______	80 kVp
A ______ can be used to even out the densities across a radiographic image.	Compensating filter
The traditional unit of absorbed dose is the ________	RAD
The SI unit of absorbed dose is the _______.	Gray
The traditional unit of exposure in air is the __________.	Roentgen
The traditional unit for whole body radiation dose is the ________	Rem
The SI unit for whole body radiation is the ___________	Sievert
The traditional unit used to denote patient dose in the __________	RAD
The traditional united used to denote the operator dose is the ______	Rem
A dose in ________ multiplied by a quality factor gives a dose in REM	RAD
The SI unit of exposure in the air is the ________	Columbs/kg
The average annual radiation dose for individuals in the United States is _____mrem.	100 mrem
The cumulative dose limit for a 50 year old radiation worker is _____	50 rem
The annual radiation dose limit for the general public is _______	100 mrem
The total equivalent dose limit for the embryo/fetus during gestation is ______	500 mrem
The annual dose limit for an occupationally exposed radiation worker is ______	5 rem
A ______is when an X-ray strikes the DNA and causes damage	Direct hit
A ________ occurs when the X-ray photon causes water to break down which dames DNA	Indirect hit
The human body is made of of 80% of ______	water
Nerve cells are ____	Least radio sensitive
Lymphocytes are ________	Highly radio sensitive
Muscle cells are _________	least radio sensitive
Spermatogonia are _____	Highly radio sensitive
Immature cells are ___	Highly radio sensitive
Highly mitotic cells are _________	Highly radio sensitive
Carcinogenesis is a ______	late somatic effect
The _______ is sensitive to 10 millirem	Film Badge
The ______ is sensitive to 1 millirem	OSL
The _____is changed quarterly.	OSL
The ______ is changed monthly	Film Badge
The _______ was enacted to protect patient's privacy	HIPPA
x-ray images are property of	the facility
The limited operator should always ask a patient about what before preforming the x-ray.	the possibility of pregnancy
All x ray images should be properly marked with	Left and right markers, the location of the facility, the date and patient name
Rules that apply values and moral standards to activities within a profession to define professional behavior is _____	Ethics
Beliefs or principles based on familial and societal standards that influence a person's actions is _________	Morals
The priorities that are placed on the significance of moral concepts is___	Values
The legal doctrine which states that the employer is liable for employees negligent acts is _____	malpractice
The threat of touching in an injurious way is______	assault
The malicious spreading information through written communication resulting in defamation of character or loss of reputation is _______	Libel
The unlawful touching of a person without consent is _______	Battery
The malicious spreading of information through verbal communication resulting in defamation of character or loss of reputation is ______	Slander
An object that has been in contact with pathogenic organisms is termed _____	Fomites
The process of reducing the probability of infectious organisms being transmitted to a susceptible individual is termed ______	medical asepsis
An arthropod such a slide in whose body an infectious organism develops or multiplies is _____	Vectors
The term ______ describes face down when laying	Prone
The term_______ means front to back	AP
The term ______ means face up when laying	Supine
The term _____ means back to front	PA
________ is when a patient is standing erect with the face directed forward arms extended by the sides with palms facing forward and toes pointing anteriorly	Anatomic Position
When viewing a chest or abdomen film, the image is placed on the view box as if the patient is facing which direction	facing you
When viewing a film of the hand, wrist, forearm, or feet, the image is placed on the view box facing which direction	facing away from you
For a lateral or oblique projection where should the marker be	the side closest to the image receptor
The acronym ______ should be remembered when critiquing an image	I AM EXPERT
what is the sheilding attached to the collimator	shadow shielding
x-ray that passes through the pt. and interact with image receptor	remnant radiation
positioning across the body (axial)	transverse
What is an atomic number of an atom

Created by: CStarnerrn

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