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Paper 1 definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define atomic number | Number of protons in atoms nucleus |
| Define mass number | Number of protons and neutrons in atoms nuclues |
| Define Avogadro's number | Constant for the amount of atoms in a substance. Also the number of atoms in one mole of C-12 |
| Define isotopes | An atom of the same element with a different number of Neutrons and same number of Protons |
| Define empirical formula | The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a single compound |
| Define relative atomic mass | Average mass of atoms compared to C-12 |
| Define relative molecular mass | Ratio of average mass of one molecule of an molecule compared to the mass of 1/12 of C-12 |
| Define relative isotopic mass | Ratio of average mass of one molecule of an isotope compared to the mass of 1/12 of C-12 |
| Define first ionization energy | energy required to remove 1 electron from an atom in its gaseous form to make a 1+ ion |
| Define second ionization energy | energy required to remove 1 electron from an 1+ ion in its gaseous form to make a 2+ ion |
| Define dative covalent bonding also known as coordinate bonding | Where the shared electron in the covalent bond comes from a single atom |
| Define electronegativity | How strongly an atom attracts pair of electrons in a bond |
| Define polar bond | One part of a molecule is slightly more negative or positive then the rest |
| Define exothermic | A reaction that gives out energy to its surroundings |
| Define endothermic | A reaction that takes in energy from its surroundings |
| Define enthalpy change | The energy change in a reaction taking place under a constant pressure |
| Define specific heat capacity | amount of energy required go raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1c (equal to 1k) |
| Define standard state | 100k Pascals, 298 kelvin = 25 degrees |
| Define Hess law | The total enthalpy change between products and reactants are the same |
| Define standard enthalpy of formation | The change of enthalpy during the formation of 1 mole of the compound by its individual elements |
| Define standard enthalpy of combustion | The change of enthalpy during the complete combustion in an excess of oxygen in standard state and conditions. |
| Define bond enthalpy | Energy required to break one mole of a bond. |
| Moles=Mass x ? | Mr |
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