Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
chemistry
vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chemistry | is the science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different condition |
| organic chemistry | is the study of substances that contain the element carbon |
| inorganic chemistry | is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen |
| element | is the simplest form of chemical matter. it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity |
| atoms | are the smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element |
| molecule | is a chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions |
| elemental molecule | a molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element (in this case, oxygen) in definite (fixed) proportions |
| compound molecules | also known as compounds, are a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions |
| physical properties | states of matter |
| states of matter | the three different physical form matter-solid liquid and gas |
| physical properties | are characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substance |
| chemical properties | are characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance |
| physical changes | is a change in the form or physical properties of a substances without a chemical reaction or the reaction or the creation of a new substance |
| chemical change | is a change in the chemical composition or make up of a new subtsance |
| oxidation | a chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide |
| oxidation reduction | also known as redox is a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidizing (by gaining oxygen) |
| oxidizing agent | is a substance that releases oxygen |
| reduction | is the process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substances through a chemical reaction |
| reduction reaction | a chemical reaction in which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance |
| exothermic reactions | chemical reactions that releases a significant amount of heat |
| combustion | is the rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by te production of heat and light |
| pure substances | is a chemical combination of matter is definite (fixed) proportions |
| physical mixture | is a physical combination of matter in any proportions |
| solution | is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances |
| solute | is the substance that is dissolved into solution |
| solvent | is the substances that dissolves the solute and makes the solution |
| miscible | liquids are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions |
| immiscible | liquids are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions |
| suspensions | are unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid |
| emulsion | is an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not stay blended) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier |
| emulsifier | is an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend |
| surfactants | are substances that allow oil and water to mix or emulsify |
| lipophilic | having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving) |
| oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion | oil droplets are emulsified in water |
| water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion | water droplets are emulsified in oil |
| volatile alcohols | are those that evaporate easily such as isopropyl alcohol (rubbing) and ethyl alcohol (hairspray and alcoholic beverages) |
| alkanolamines | are alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products |
| ammonia | is a colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen |
| glycerin | is a sweet, colorless, oily substances used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in the skin and body creams |
| silicones | are a special type of oil used in hair conditioners water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers |
| volatile organic compounds (VOCs) | are compounds that contains carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile) |
| pH | the abbreviation used for potential hydrogen. pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions |
| ion | is an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge |
| ionization | is the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions |
| anion | an ion with a negative electrical charge |
| cation | an ion with a positive electrical charge |
| pH | is a measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance |
| acidic solution | a solution that has a pH below 7.0 (neutral) |
| alkaline solution | a solution that has a pH above 7.0 (neutral) |
| logarithm | means multiples of 10 |
| alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) | abbreviated AHAs; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin |
| thioglycolic | a colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solution |
| alkalis | also known as bases, owe their chemical reactivity to the hydroxide ion |
Created by:
kaiteona
Popular Chemistry sets