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Milady Nail Tech
Chapter 5 - Infection Control
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acquired immunity | Immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease through an inoculation (such as a flu vaccination) or through exposure to natural allergens, such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed. |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | A disease caused by the HIV virus, which breaks down the body's immune system. |
| antiseptics | Chemical germicides formulated for use on the skin that are registered and regulated by the FDA. |
| asymptomatic | Showing no symptoms or signs of infection. |
| bacilli | Short rod-shaped bacteria. |
| bacteria | One-celled microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics. Some are harmful, some are harmless. |
| bactericidal | Capable of destroying bacteria. |
| binary fission | The division of bacteria cells into two new cells called daughter cells. |
| biofilms | Thin, glue-like layers of a potentially infectious microorganism that adheres tightly to the insides of water pipes or containers and that is very difficult to remove without vigorous scrubbing. |
| bloodborne pathogens | Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids. |
| chelating soaps/detergents | Contain chelating agents to prevent hard tap water from reducing the effectiveness of the cleanser. |
| cleaning | A mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs from tools, implements and equipment. |
| cocci | Round-shaped bacteria. |
| contagious disease | Disease that is spread from one person to another. |
| contamination | The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface, or visible debris/residues, such as dust, hair, and skin. |
| diagnosis | A determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic tests. Federal regulations prohibit nail professionals from performing a diagnosis. |
| diplococci | Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia. |
| direct transmission | The transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking. |
| disease | An abnormal condition of all or part of the body, of its systems or organs, that makes the body incapable or carrying on normal function. |
| disinfectants | EPA- registered products used on nonporous surfaces that destroy organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, when used according to the disinfectant label instructions. |
| disinfection | A chemical process that uses specific products to destroy organisms on nonporous surfaces. |
| efficacy | The effectiveness with which a disinfecting solution kills specific organisms when used according to the label instructions. |
| exposure incident | Contact with non-intact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that results from an employee performing his or her professional duties. |
| flagella | Slender, hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion. |
| fungi | Single- cell organisms that grow in irregular masses that include molds, mildews, and yeasts, can produce contagious diseases, such as ringworm. |
| fungicidal | Capable of destroying fungi. |
| hepatitis | A blood-borne virus that causes disease affecting the liver. |
| hospital disinfectants | Effective for cleaning blood and body fluids in hospitals and on nonporous surfaces in the salon, thus controlling the spread of disease. |
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | The virus that causes AIDS. |
| immunity | The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection. Can either by natural or acquired. |
| indirect transmission | The transmission of blood of body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object, such as a tweezer, metal pusher, nipper, or an environmental surface. |
| infection | The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens. |
| infection control | The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms. |
| infectious | An infection that can be spread from one person to another or from one infected body part to another. |
| infectious disease | A disease caused by pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms that enter the body. |
| inflammation | A condition in which a part of the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection. An inflammation is characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling. |
| local infection | An infection such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and is indicated by a lesion containing pus. |
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Information by the manufacturer about product safety, including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm, flammability warnings. |
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | A staph infection occurring most frequently among persons with weakened immune systems or in people having undergone medical procedure; highly resistant to certain antibiotics. |
| microorganism | An organism of microscopic of submicroscopic size. |
| mildew | A type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but that does not cause human infections in the salon. |
| motility | Self-movement. |
| multi-use (reusable) | Reusable items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person. |
| Mycobacterium fortuitum | A microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water in small numbers. |
| natural immunity | Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living. |
| nonpathogenic | Harmless organisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm. |
| occupational disease | Illness resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients. |
| parasites | Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in other organisms (referred to as the hosts), while contributing nothing to the survival of those organisms. Parasites must have a host to survive. |
| parasitic disease | A disease caused by parasites, such as lice and mites. |
| pathogenic | Causing disease; may cause harmful conditions or infections in humans. |
| pathogenic disease | A disease produced by organisms, including bacteria, virus, fungi, and parasites. |
| phenolic disinfectants | A form a formaldehyde, a tuberculocidal disinfectant. |
| porous | Means that an item is made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings. |
| pus | A fluid created by tissue inflammation; a sign of a bacterial infection. |
| quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) | These disinfectants are very effective when used properly in the salon. |
| Safety Data Sheet (SDS) | (formerly known as Material Safety Date Sheets)(MSDS) Information by the manufacturer about product safety, including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm, warnings. |
| sanitizing | A chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level. |
| scabies | A contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin. |
| single use (disposable) | An item that cannot be used more than once. |
| sodium hypochlorite | A common household bleach; a disinfectant for salon use. |
| spirilla | Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria. |
| spore | The inactive reproductive stage of certain fungi and bacteria during which these microorganisms coat themselves with waxy outer shells so they can withstand long periods of famine, dryness, and unsuitable temperatures. |
| Standard Precautions | Guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens. |
| staphylococci | Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like bunches of grapes. |
| sterilization | The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores. |
| streptococci | Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. |
| systemic disease | A disease that affects the body as a whole, often due the under- or over-functioning of internal glands or organs. The disease is carried through the blood stream or lymphatic system. |
| toxins | Various poisonous substances naturally produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses). All toxins are natural substances. |
| tuberculocidal disinfectants | Proven to kill the bacteria that can cause tuberculosis. |
| tuberculosis | A disease caused by a bacterium that is only transmitted through coughing or sneezing. |
| virucidal | Capable of destroying a virus. |
| virus | A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of biological organisms. A virus is capable of replication only through taking over the host cell's reproduction function. |
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