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Chemistry
Chemistry exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Science (Christian definition) | Study of Gods creation |
| QUALITative | General description |
| QUANTitative | Some sort of measurement |
| Absolute Truth | Not changing always true |
| Relative Truth | What is true today can be proven false tomorrow |
| Dynamic | Always changing. Human process |
| Chemistry | Study of matter and how it changes |
| Scientific method | Observe, question, hypothesis, experiment, conclude |
| SI Base units | Length, Mass, Time, Temperature, Electricity current, Luminous intensity, Density, Area, Volume |
| SI prefixes | Giga, Mega, Kilo, Deci, Centi, Milli, Micro, Nano |
| Accuracy | How close your measurements are to the accepted call. |
| Precision | How close you measurements are to each other |
| Significant figures | All of the certain digits and the one estimated digit in a measurement. |
| Density equation | D= m/v |
| SI Conversions | |
| Element | A pure substance that can not be broken down simpler. |
| Compound | Substance that can be broken down into simpler stable substances |
| Mixture | Blend of two or more kinds of matter each of which retains its own identity and property |
| Heterogeneous | Not uniform through out |
| Homogeneous | Uniform through out |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Physical change | does not change the substance deals with energy and states can be undone |
| Chemical Change | substances are converted into a new substance |
| Dalton | all matter is composed of extremely small parties call atoms. Atoms are identical in size, mass, other properties, atoms can not be subdivided, created or destroyed. |
| Thomson | cathode bay- electrons and magnet alum pudding modle- electrons like granola in yogurt |
| Rutherford | Foil Gold experiment- radioactive source against gold to detect where particles end up- alpha particles change through a small foil particles |
| Bohr | Around nucleus atom have a small pos electron that travel irregular orbits |
| Modern Scientists | |
| Gold foil experiment | radioactive source aimed at gold foil to see where particles go |
| Atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus (which is the same as the number of electrons in the atom.) |
| Mass number | Electron= 0 proton and neutron= 1 |
| Atomic Mass | determined by comparing it with the mass of carbon-12 atom |
| Ions | is an atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| Isotopes | atoms of the same element that have different masses |
| Finding protons, neutrons, and electrons from 16/8 O 2- | |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | what all the forms of electromagnetic radiation form together. |
| Speed of light | Symbol: c 3.00x10^8 m/s |
| Ground State | Lowest energy state of an atom |
| Excited state | an atom has a higher potential energy than its ground state |
| Heisenberg | uncertainty principle- impressible to determine symetaniloc |
| Line emission spectrum | split pink light into separate colors |
| s,p,d,f sublevels | S: sphere, P: Peanut, D: Daisy, F: all different |
| Electron configurations | |
| Mendeleev | table when, elements w/ similar properties are grouped together predicted existence for others and connect |
| Moseley | arranged elements accuracy to atomic number instead of atomic mass |
| Periods | Row (horizontal) Varies in properties, but the closer to one another the more similar |
| Groups | Columns (vertical) Similar chemical properties |
| Element type locations on the periodic table | |
| Atomic Radius | half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bounded together |
| Ionic radius | the sun of the cation and anion gives the electron from a natural energy of an element |
| Ionization energy | he energy required to remove one electron from a neutral energy of an element |
| Electronegativity | Measure of ability of atom in chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in a compound. |
| Octet rule | all elements want the same chemical stability so atoms tend to gain, loose, or share electrons to have 8 electrons total |
| Mole Calculations | cation- pos losing electrons Anion- neg gaining electrons |
| What are the key differences between science and religion | Science has errors, dynamic, mans best effort Religion is perfect, never changing, God's best word |
| How does the development of the atomic theory show that science is dynamic? | The atom theory was always changing as we learned more. |
| How does the law of conservation support our view of God? | energy can not be created or destroyed, only God can create, destroy we cannot play God. |
| Where do the colors in neon lights come from? | wavelength and frequency |
| The principal quantum number | Symbol: n, indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron |
| The angular momentum Quantum number | Symbol: l, indicates shape of orbital (represented with more letters than numbers) |
| Magnetic quantum number | Symbol: m, indicates the orientation of the orbital around its nucleus |
| Spin quantum number | Only has two possible values (+1/2, -1/2) which indicates the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital |
Created by:
nettykayyy
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