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KMHS_Chemistry
Chapter 26 Vocabulary: Nuclear Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alpha particle | positively charged particle emitted from certain radioactive nuclei; it consists of two protons and two neutrons and is identical to the nucleus of a helium atom. |
| alpha radiation | alpha particles emitted from a radioactive source. |
| beta particles | a fast-moving electron emitted from certain radioactive nuclei; it is formed when a neutron decomposes. |
| beta radiation | fast-moving electrons (beta particles) emitted from a radioactive source. |
| fission | the splitting of a nucleus into smaller fragments, accompanied by the release of neutrons and a large amount of energy. |
| fusion | a reaction in which two light nuclei combine to produce a nucleus of heavier mass, accompanied by the release of a large amount of energy. |
| gamma radiation | high energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by certain radioactive nuclei; gamma rays have no mass or electrical charge. |
| Geiger counter | a gas-filled metal tube used to detect the presence of beta radiation. |
| half-life | the time required for one-half of the atoms of a radioisotope to emit radiation and decay to products. |
| ionizing radiation | radiation which has enough energy to produce ions by knocking electrons off some of the atoms it strikes. |
| radiation | the penetrating rays emitted by a radioactive source; also, the giving off of energy in various forms such as heat, light, or radiowaves. |
| radioactive decay | the process in which an unstable nucleus loses energy by emitting energy. |
| radioactivity | the property by which an atomic nucleus gives off alpha, beta, or gamma radiation. |
| radioisotopes | isotopes the have unstable nuclei and undergo radioactive decay. |
| transmutation | the conversion of an atom of one element into an atom of another element by the emission of radiation. |
| transuranium element | an element in the periodic table whose atomic number is above 92. |
| gamma rays | photons which are high-energy (short wavelength) electromagnetic radiation. |
| positron | a particle with the same mass as an electron but opposite charge. |
| positron emission | a radioactive decay process that involves the emission of a positron from a nucleus. |
Created by:
KellyBeck
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