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fallacies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hasty generalization | a conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence. |
| In a single year, scores on standardized tests in California’s public schools rose by ten points. Therefore, more children than ever are succeeding in America’s public school systems. | Hasty generalization |
| Stereotypes | A hasty generalization about a group. |
| - All politicians are corrupt. - Athletes are never strong students. | Stereotypes |
| False analogy | An analogy that is clearly off base |
| If we can send a spacecraft to Pluto, we should be able to find a cure for the common cold. | False analogy |
| Post hoc fallacy | “after this, therefore because of this” (if this because this) |
| Since Governor Cho took office, unemployment of minorities in the state has decreased by 7 percent. Governor Cho should be applauded for reducing unemployment among minorities. | Post hoc fallacy |
| Either... or fallacy | When writers set up a false choice between their preferred option and one that is clearly unsatisfactory. (either or) argument with missing claim: |
| Violent crime is increasing. Therefore, we should vigorously enforce the death penalty. | Either... or fallacy |
| non sequitur | When a missing claim is an assertion that few would agree with, we say that a writer is guilty of non sequitur. |
| Christopher gets plenty of sleep; therefore he will be a successful student in the university’s pre-med program. | non sequitur |
| Syllogism | deductive reasoning can often be structured in three-step argument. The first argument leads back to the first argument. |
| - 1. Anything that increases radiation in the environment is dangerous to public health. - 2. Nuclear reactors increase radiation in the environment. - 3. Therefore, nuclear reactors are dangerous to public health. | Syllogism |
| - Is it anti-American to be against having a retail giant set up shop in one’s community? Some people would say so. On the other hand, if you board up Main Street, what’s left of America? | legitimate emotional appeal: |
| This progressive proposal to build a ski resort in the state park has been carefully researched by Western Trust, the largest bank in the state; furthermore, it is favored by a majority of the local merchants. | unfair emotional appeal: |
| unfair emotional appeal: | attacking |
Created by:
Lauren Bowers
Popular English Vocabulary sets