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Chemical Reactions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Activation Energy | What is needed to start a chemical reaction. |
| Arrow | You read the arrow as "yields" in a chemical equation or formula. |
| Characteristics of a Chemical Reaction | Changes in energy or changes in properties (produce a gas) (bubbles form), color change, precipitate forms, or temperature change. |
| Chemical Changes | Alter the chemical properties of matter;new substances with new properties are formed. |
| Chemical Equations | A shorter,easier way to show chemical reactions by using symbols instead of words. |
| Coefficient | A number placed in front of a chemical formula in a chemical equation. Tells how many atoms or molecules of each reactant and product take part in the reaction. |
| Conservation of Mass | The amount of matter involved in a chemical reaction does not change. the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products. |
| Concentration | amount of one material in a given amount of another material |
| Temperature | higher heat causes faster reactions |
| Surface Area | increased surface area = increased reaction |
| Catalysts | materials that increases the rate of reaction |
| Enzymes | biological catalysts |
| Inhibitors | decreases the rate of a reaction |
| Decomposition Reaction | a compound breaks down into simpler substances |
| Endothermic Reaction | an observable change in energy that shows a chemical reaction took place; A reaction that takes heat from the solution, absorbs energy, makes it feel cooler |
| Exothermic Reaction | an observable change in energy that shows a chemical reaction took place; a reaction that releases heat; gives off energy, makes it feel warmer; most chemical reactions are this type. |
| Physical Changes | alter only the physical properties of matter; no new substances are formed. Can be a change in size, shape or color; change in phase (by increasing or decreasing temperature: solid, liquid, gas) |
| Precipitate | a solid that forms from solution during a chemical reaction; observable change that shows a chemical reaction took place |
| Products | the materials you have after a chemical reaction; written on the right side of the formula |
| Reactants | the materials you have at the beginning of a chemical reaction; written on the left side of the formula |
| Replacement Reaction | one part of a compound is displaced by an element or compound from another substance (also called displacement reaction) |
| States of Matter | (pp. 46-50): solid, liquid, and gas |
| Subscripts | show the number of atoms of an element in a molecule or the ratio of elements in a compound. |
| Synthesis Reaction | two substances combine to form a new compound (also called composition reaction) |
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