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Chemistry
Exam Review Feb. 2009
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an acid? | Tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, turns blue litmus paper red, <7 on pH scale |
| What is a base? | Tastes bitter, feels slippery, turns red litmus paper blue, >7 on pH scale |
| What is a Hydrogen ion (H+)? | An atom of hydrogen that has lost its electron. |
| What is a Hydroxide iron (OH-)? | A negatively charged ion.....Gained an electron |
| Element: | Simplest pure substance. Can't be broken into other substances |
| Matter: | Anything that has mass and volume |
| What is all matter composed of? | 1 element or a combination of 2 or more elements |
| Compound | Substance made of 2 or more elements chemically combined |
| Mixture | 2 or more elements in the same place, but NOT chemically combined |
| Democritus | Named the atom |
| Thompson | Came up with the plum pudding model |
| Rutherford | Disproved plum pudding model |
| Bohr | Closest theory to modern atom model |
| Protons | positively charged particles, located in the nucleus |
| Neutrons | no electric charge, located in the nucleus |
| Electrons | negatively charged particles, located in the electron cloud |
| Solid | Definite volume and shape, particles close together |
| Liquid | Definite volume, particles vibrate |
| Gas | No definite volume or shape, particles move past each other easily |
| Density | Mass/Volume |
| Melting | Solid-Liquid |
| Freezing | Liquid-Solid |
| Condensation | Gas-Liquid |
| Evaporation | Liquid-Gas |
| Sublimation | Solid-Gas |
| Synthesis | A+B yields AB |
| Decomposition | AB yields A+B |
| Single Replacement | AB+C yields AC+B |
| Double Replacement | AB+CD yields AC+BD |
| Homogeneous Solution | Particles hard to tell apart |
| Heterogeneous Solution | Particles easy to tell apart |
| Atom: | Smallest particle of an element |
| Nucleus: | Center of atom, where the mass is, protons and neutrons |
| Energy Level | A region around the nucleus in which electrons of the same energy are likely to be found |
| Atomic # | order of periodic table, amount of protons |
| Atomic Mass | # of protons + # of neutrons |
| Valence Electrons | electrons in the outermost energy level |
| Ion | atom/group of atoms that has an electric charge |
| Ionic Bond | attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions....they form as a result of the attraction between positive and negative ions...lots of energy is needed to break the bond |
| Chemical Formula | Combo of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound |
| Covalent Bond | 2 atoms share electrons |
| Polar Bond | Covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally |
| Nonpolar Bond | Covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally |
| Conservation of Mass | In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products |
Created by:
msprez2be
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