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GOVT chapter 10 ex3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Midterm elections | Congressional elections that do not coincide with a presidential election |
| primary elections | Elections held to select a party’s candidate for the general election |
| general elections | A regularly scheduled election involving most districts in the nation or state, in which voter select officeholders |
| runoff election | a “second round” election in which voters choose between the top two candidates from the first round |
| majority system | a type of electoral system in which, to win a seat in the parliament or other representative body, a candidate must receive a majority of the costs cast in the relevant district |
| Proportional representation | a multiple-member district system that allows each political party representation in proportion to its percentage of the total vote |
| straight ticket vote | selecting candidates from the same political party for all offices on the ballot |
| redistricting | The process of redrawing election districts and redistributing legislative representatives. This happens every 10 years to reflect shifts in population or in response to legal challenges in existing districts |
| gerrymandering | The apportionment of voters in districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to one racial or ethnic group or political party |
| majority-minority district | a gerrymandered voting district that improves the chances of minority candidates by making selected minority groups within the district |
| electoral college | The presidential electors from each state who meet after the general election to cast ballots for president and vice president |
| caucus (political) | A normally closed political party business meeting of citizens or lawmakers to select candidates, elect officers, plan strategy, or make decisions regarding legislative matters |
| platform | A party document, written at a nation convention, that contains party philosophy, principles, and policy positions |
| delegates | representatives who vote according to the preferences of the constituency |
| ballot initiative | a proposed law or policy change that is placed on the ballot by citizens or interest groups for a popular vote |
| referendum | The practice of referring a proposed law passed by a legislature to the vote of the electorate for approval or rejection |
| recall | a procedure to allow voters to remove state officials from office before their terms expire by circulating petitions to call a vote |
| campaigns | an effort by political candidates and their supporters to win the backing of donors, political activists, and voters in their quest for political office |
| incumbent | a candidate running for re-election to a position rear he r she already holds |
| spot advertisement | a 15, 30, or 60 second television campaign commercial that permits a candidates message to be delivered to a target audience |
| town hall meeting | an informal public meeting in which candidates meet with ordinary citizens. Allows candidates to deliver messages without the presence of journalists or commentators |
| prospective voting | voting based on the imagined future performance of a candidate or political party |
| retrospective voting | voting based on the past performance of a candidate or political party |
| political action committees | a private group that raises and distributes funds for udder in election campaigns |
| 527 committees | nonprofit independent groups that receive and disburse funds to influence the nomination, election, or defeat of candidates. |
| 501(c)4 committees | nonprofit groups that also engage in issue advocacy. Under section 501c(4) of the federal tax code such a group group may spend up to half its revenue for political purposes |
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