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Chemistry Chapter 6
Groups of Elements
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chromium | - used to plate metal parts - resistant to corrosion - added to iron and nickel to make stainless steel - found in gemstones and paint pigments |
| Iron | - least expensive metal - used in many alloys - obtained by burning iron compounds in blast furnace - readily corrodes - essential part of healthy diet |
| Copper | - coinage metal - added to tin to make bronze - soft - reddish color - added to zinc to make brass - second best conductor - used to make electrical wiring - used to make pennies until 1982 |
| Silver | - coinage metal - very ductile and malleable - relatively soft - added to 7.5% copper to make sterling silver - best conductor - used to make jewelry, silverware, and electrical equipment - used in photography |
| Gold | - coinage metal - very dense - very soft - 24 karat = pure gold - 18 karat = 75% gold - gold + silver = yellow gold - gold + nickel = white gold |
| Aluminum | - third most abundant element in Earth's crust - low density - strong when alloyed - used as structural material - doesn't corrode in air because of layer of aluminum oxide |
| Carbon | - major component in fossil fuels - found in all living organisms - forms very many compounds - diamond and graphite = pure carbon |
| Silicon | - second most abundant element in Earth's crust - silicon dioxide makes sand - silicon + oxygen = structural material for rocks - silica makes glass |
| Tin | - coats steel to make tin cans |
| Lead | - used in plumbing - used to make batteries |
| Nitrogen | - 80% of Earth's atmosphere - used to make fertilizers and ammonia |
| Phosphorus | - phosphoric acid gives soft drinks their sour taste - used to make fertilizer and detergent |
| Oxygen | - must abundant element on Earth - 23% of air - 89% of water - 46% of crustal rock - forms oxides when combined with other elements - required for respiration and combustion - also exists as ozone (pollutant that attacks structural material) |
| Sulfur | - found in nature as brimstone - hydrogen sulfide used to make stink bombs (rotten egg smell) - used to detect natural gas leaks |
| Fluorine | - most reactive element - used to make plastics |
| Chlorine | - used as disinfectant in drinking water and swimming pools |
| Helium | - used as coolant - commercially most important noble gas |
| Argon | - used to make light bulbs |
| Neon | - used to make neon lights |
| Hydrogen | - combines with oxygen to make water - most abundant element in the universe |
| copper, silver, and gold | coinage metals |
| lanthanide metals | readily lose 3 e- to for 3+ ions. sof, silvery metals, less reactive then earth metals, still too reactive to be used in structural materials-primary use, make special steel alloys |
| actinides | all isotopes of elements are radioactive. all elements after uranium are artificial elements |
| thorium/uranium | only actinides that occur to any extent in nature |
| noble gases | least reactive |
| diatomic | all of the halogens exist in elemental form as __________ molecules |
| iron sulfide | chemical name for rust |
| silica | major component of glass |
| s-block | alkali metals-most reactive; alkaline earth metals- almost as reactive as alkali metals. alkaline are not as reactive because of higher melting points and densities. reactivity increases down this family |
Created by:
VivianKellar
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