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INTRODUCERE CHIMIE

QuestionAnswer
clorura de amoniu + cianat de argint=? NH4Cl+AgNCO=AgCl+NH4NCO (clorura de argint+cianat de amoniu)
obtinerea ureei NH4NCO---->NH2-CO-NH2 CO2+2NH3---->NH2-CO-NH2+H20
UREE reziduu alb cristalin prezent in urina
chimia organica are ca obiect -sinteza compusilor organici -stabilirea structurii acestora -studierea proprietatilor chimice si fizice -elucidarea mecanismelor prin care se produc reactiile chimice la care participa compusii organici
la ce se refera notiunea de structura chimica? la natura, numarul si felul in care sunt legati atomii dintr-o molecula
ce etape trebuie sa parcurgi pentru a stabili structura unui compus organic? sa stabilesti numarul si natura atomilor din molecula (prin analiza calitativa si cantitativa) sa stabilesti compozitia substantei (=>formula moleculara) modul in care atomii sunt aranjati in molecula (formulele de structura)
cum poti stabili natura atomilor dintr-un compus organic? prin metoda arderii urmata de analiza gazelor rezultate prin ardere, prin efectuarea unor reactii specifice => analiza elementala calitativa
ce arata formula bruta? natura atomilor raportul in care se gasesc in molecula e exprimata prin numere intregi
ce arata formula moleculara? felul atomilor din molecula numarul exact al acestora e un multiplu intreg al formulei brute
ce arata formulele structurale? modul de legare a atomilor in molecula
reprezentarea grafica a formulelor structurale e posibila utilizand: formule Lewis formule de proiectie formule de proiectie restranse(formule de structura plana)
formula spatiala =modul de orientare in spatiu a legaturilor chimice
grupele functionale un atom sau o grupa de atomi care prin prezenta sa intr-o molecula ii confera acesteia prop fizice si chimice specifice pot fi omogene si eterogene
legatura sigma se formeaza prin intrepatunderea /suprapunerea totala a doi orbitali coaxiali fiecare apartinand unui atom
legatura pi se formeaza prin intrepatrunderea/suprapunerea partiala a doi orbitali p paraleli / orientati in aceeasi directie dupa aceeasi axa de coordonate -nu poate exista decat alaturi de leg sigma
formule graf formule condensate simplificate realizate prin linii frante sau modele, in care nu se mai scrius simbolurile pentru C si H
linia continua lantul atomilor de carbon aflati in planul hartiei
linia punctata atomii aflati in spatele planului hartiei
legaturile ingrosate atomii aflati in fata planului hartiei
legatura chimica o forta/un vector care se stabileste intre atomi sau grupuri de atomi pe care-i mentine impreuna si ii determina sa functioneze ca o UNITATE CU STABILITATE MARE astfel incat sa fie considerata o specie independenta - O MOLECULA
Created by: 1063179990368424
 

 



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