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Learning Chap. 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Language | usually directs research attention to grammar, syntax, and unobservable mental representations and processes (structure), rather than to the objective conditions that influence the behavior of the speaker or writer (function). |
| Verbal behavior (Indirect) | deals with the performance of the speaker and the environmental conditions that establish and maintain such performance. It concerns the function of what we do with words that are spoken, written, or signed. |
| Non verbal behavior (Direct) | is reinforced through the direct manipulation of the environment (i.e., it produces the reinforcement directly). |
| Verbal Vocal Example | Making sounds with the vocal apparatus (as a way of affecting the behavior of someone else) speaking (to affect a listener) |
| Verbal Nonvocal Example | Writing (to affect someone's behavior), gesturing,using American Sign Language (to affect the behavior of another person). |
| Nonverbal Vocal Example | Coughing (because of a discomfort in the throat), yawning (because of being sleepy), making various sounds not related to anyone else having been affected by such sounds. |
| Nonverbal Nonvocal Example | Walking (in order to get somewhere), looking around (as an attempt to find something), putting a key in a lock (to unlock the door), opening a door (in order to walk into a room). |
| The verbal operant is... | the unit of analysis, both in terms of form* and function. A B C MO: SD —> Behavior —> Consequence (Socially Mediated) |
| mentalistic view | of language, words are said to refer to things in the world. That is, words somehow have the power to represent, communicate, and express the world as perceived by the speaker. The speaker is said to encode by syntax (grammar) and semantics (meaning) the |
| behavioral view | of language offers a different viewpoint, proposing that the social environment shapes the way in which we use words. That is, the way we talk and what we say are a function of social contingencies, involving effects or consequences arranged by members of |
| Form of response is controlled by.. | Motivation operation (Mand) or discriminative stimulus (Verbal or Nonverbal) |
| Point to point correspondence.. | Echoic or textual taking |
| No point to point correspondence.. | Intraverbal |
| Nonverbal Stimulus.. | Tact |
| Verbal stimulus | Echoic, textual taking or intraverbal |
| Manding | Refers to a class of verbal operants whose form is regulated by establishing operations (deprivation, aversive stimulation, etc). (Commanding) |
| Tacting | defined as a class of verbal operants whose form is regulated by nonverbal SD and maintained by generalized conditioned reinforcement from the verbal community. |
| Intraverbal Behavior | A class of verbal operants regulated by verbal discriminative stimuli. In everyday language, thematically related words. Ex.You say “Sandwich”= Think of ham, mayo, bread |
| Formal Similarity | requires that the verbal stimulus & the product of the response are in the same mode (auditory, visual, etc) & show exact physical resemblance (same sound pattern) |
| Form | what a person says, writes, signs, etc |
| Response Product | stimulus produced by the response |
Created by:
vherna11