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Industrialization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| invented the power plant | Thomas Edison |
| used “vertical integration” to control all aspects (warehouses, mines, steamships, railroads and factories) of steel making process to dominate the steel industry | Andrew Carnegie |
| made his fortune in railroads | Cornelius Vanderbilt |
| tragedy resulted in many new safety laws passed | Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire |
| a strike at one of Carnegie’s steel mills which led to violence with many getting killed | The Homestead Strike |
| a labor union founded by Samuel Gompers | American Federation of Labor |
| workers worked for low pay and faced long hours and dangerous conditions | Factory Conditions |
| invented first radio | Guglielmo Marconi |
| controlled over 95% of the oil refining industry | John D. Rockefeller |
| started the Kodak Camera Company | George Eastmen |
| created the telephone company | Alexander Graham Bell |
| Invented the motion picture | Thomas Edison |
| Invented the phonograph | Thomas Edison |
| invented electric lighting | Thomas Edison |
| controlling all aspects of the manufacturing process (warehouses, mines, steamships, railroads and factories) | Vertical integration |
| The process of steel making that resulted in stronger, cheaper steel | Bessemer Process |
| This organization used strikes for Higher wages, safer conditions, shorter hours | AFL : American Federation of Labor |
| the rights of unions to negotiate wages with management as a group | Collective bargaining |
| invented the telephone | Alexander Graham Bell |
| invented the camera | George Eastmen |
| sold U.S. Steel for $500 million | Andrew Carnegie |
| Factors Causing Growth of Industry | Inventions Financial Resources Available Work Force Access to Raw Materials and Energy |
| gave away 90% of his wealth | Andrew Carnegie |
| developed into center of steel making industry | Pittsburgh |
| had a monopoly that controlled 95% of the oil refining industry; | John D. Rockefeller |
| America’s first billionaire; had strong political influence on U.S. government | John D. Rockefeller |
| Positive Effects of Industrialization | reduced farm labor needs increased production and consumer goods more factory jobs |
| Negative Effects of Industrialization | unsafe working conditions child labor low wages |
| businesses that is owned by a group of investors or stockholders | Corporations |
| the process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply | Mass Production |
| organizations made up of workers; more workers joined them as factory conditions grew worse; worked to get better pay, shorter hours, and safer conditions and stop child labor; used various tactics like strikes and picketing to achieve their goals | Labor Unions |
| founded the American Federation of Labor; wanted shorter hours, higher wages and safer conditions | Samuel Gompers |
| union made up of people from the same trade | trade unions |
| replacements for striking workers, known as scabs | Strike Breakers |
| a violent strike in one of Carnegie’s steel factories | Homestead Strike |
| when unions negotiate wages directly w/ management as a group | Collective Bargaining |
| workplaces where people labor long hours in poor conditions for low pay | Sweatshops |
| contributed to rise of big business and industrial growth | Inventions |
| industrialization led to massive growth of cities in late 1800’s due to people moving from farms to cities for factory jobs; | Urbanization |
| this and flood of immigrants leads to rapid growth of cities; cities became overcrowded; what became a major problem? | crime, filth and disease |
| small apartments, often w/ no windows, heat or plumbing where much of city’s poor lived | Tenements |
| regulations for basic construction and building safety | Building Codes |
| community centers that focused on helping poor immigrants get settled; taught English, job skills and place to socialize | Settlement Houses |
| famous settlement house in Chicago run by progressive leader | Hull House |
| Who founded the Hull House? | Jane Addams |
| often a corrupt political organization that provided the poor and new immigrants of America’s cities with aid and jobs in exchange for votes to increase their political power and influence | Political Machine |
| individuals who ran these political “machines".They made themselves very rich through bribery and stealing the city’s tax money | Political Bosses |
| Name of famous political machine in NYC run by powerful political boss, Boss Tweed | Tammany Hall |
| He ran the political Machine "Tammany Hall" in New York City. | Boss Tweed |
| conditions that drove people from their homelands | Push Factors |
| name 4 Push Factors | Escape from oppressive governments Hope for better economic opportunities...JOBS Religious persecution; pogroms Lack of food and/or land |
| conditions that attract immigrants to a country (US) | Pull Factors |
| Name 3 Pull Factors | Economic opportunity - American factory jobs Religious Freedom (Bill of Rights) Cheap Land |
| 3 City problems | poverty, crime, overcrowding and violence |
| Who were often blamed for city problems | immigrants |
| first law to prevent a specific group from entering the U.S. | Chinese Exclusion Act |
| main processing station on East Coast (NY) where many immigrants gained entry to U.S. | Ellis Island |
| “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,...” | Poem by Emma Lazarus w/in Base of Statue of Liberty - |
| Escape from oppressive governments | push factor |
| Hope for better economic opportunities...JOBS | push factor |
| Religious persecution; pogroms | push factor |
| Lack of food and/or land | push factor |
| Economic opportunity - American factory jobs | pull factor |
| Religious Freedom (Bill of Rights) | pull factor |
| Cheap Land | pull factor |
| reduced farm labor needs | positive effect of Industrialization |
| increased production and consumer goods | positive effect of Industrialization |
| more factory jobs | positive effect of Industrialization |
| unsafe working conditions | negative effects of Industrialization |
| child labor | negative effects of Industrialization |
| low wages | negative effects of Industrialization |
| reduced farm labor needs increased production and consumer goods more factory jobs | positive effect of Industrialization |
| unsafe working conditions child labor low wages | negative effects of Industrialization |
| Escape from oppressive governments Hope for better economic opportunities...JOBS Religious persecution; pogroms Lack of food and/or land | push factors |
| Economic opportunity - American factory jobs Religious Freedom (Bill of Rights) Cheap Land | pull factors |
| Movement from farms to cities | urbanization |
| the name given to the Russian program that organized attacks on Jewish villages | Pograms |
| Airless rooms below deck on a ship | steerage |
| An organization that offers food and shelter to the poor | Salvation Army |
| process of holding on to traditions while adapting to a new culture | Acculturation |
Created by:
andrea_tavenner