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PSY 100 Ch. 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| psychology | scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
| critical thinking | process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information |
| Nature-Nurture controversy | ongoing dispute over the relative contributions of nature (heredity) and nuture (environment) |
| interaction | process in which multiple factors mutually influence one another and the outcome- as in the interactio between heredity and environment. |
| biopsychology/neuroscience | relationship b/w biology, behavior, and mental processes, including how physical and chemical processes affect the structure and function of the brain and nervous system |
| clinical psych | evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders |
| cognitive psych | examines "higher" mental processes, including thought, memory, intelligence, creativity, and language. |
| counseling psych | overlaps with clinical psychology but practitioners tend to work with less seriously disturbed individuals and conduct more career and vocational assessment |
| developmental psych | studies the course of human growth and development from conception until death |
| educational and school psych | studies the process of edu and works to promote the intellectual, social, and emotional development of children in the school environment |
| experimental psych | examines processes such as learning, conditioning, motivation, emotion, sensation, and perception in humans and animals |
| forensic psych | applies principles of psych to the legal system, including jury selection and pyschological profiling. |
| gender &/or cultural psych | investigates how men and women and different cultures differ from one another and how they are similar |
| health psych | studies how biological, psych, and social factors affect health and illness |
| I/O psych | applies principles of psych to workplace, including personnel selection and evaluation, leadership, job satisfaction, employee motivation, and group processes w/in the organization |
| social psych | investigates the role of social forces and interpersonal behavior, including aggression, prejudice, love, helping, conforming, and attitudes. |
| Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic perspective | focuses on unconscious processes and unresolved past conflicts |
| Humanist perspective | emphasizes free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth-seeking |
| neuroscience/biopsych perspective | emphasizes genetics and other biological procwesses in the brain and other parts of the nervous system |
| evolutionary perspective | fucuses on natural selection, adaptation, and evolution of behavior and mental processes |
| sociocultural perspective | emphasizes social interaction and cultural determinants of behavior and mental processes |
| behavior perspective | emphasizes objective, observable environmental influences on overt behavior |
| cognitive perspective | focuses on thought, perception, and information processing |
| Watson, Skinner | behaviorism |
| Rogers, Maslow | humanist |
| biopsycosocial model | unifying theme of modern psych that considers biological, psychological, and social processes; combines with the 7 major perspectives |
| basic research | research conducted to advance scientific knowledge |
| applied research | research designed to solve practical problems |
| hypothesis | specific prediction about how one variable relates to another |
| operational definition | a precise description of how the variables in a study will be observed and measured |
| meta-analysis | statistical procedure for combining and analyzing data from many studies |
| theory | interrelated set of concepts that explain a body of data |
| informed consent | participant's agreement to take part in a study after being told what to expect |
| debriefing | informing participants after the research about the purpose of the study, the nature of the anticipated results, and any deceptions used |
| independent variable | experimental factor manipulated to determine its causal effect on the dependent variable |
| dependent variable | experimental factor that is measured; it is affected by the independent variable |
| experiment | carefully controlled scientific procedure that involves manipulation of variables to determine cause and effect |
| experimental group | group receiving treatment in an experiment |
| control group | group receiving no treatment in an experiment |
| experimenter bias | occurs when researcher influences research results in the expected direction |
| double-blind study | procedure where both the researcher and the participants are unaware of who is in the experimental or control group |
| placebo | inactive substance or fake treatment used as a control technique |
| ethnocentrism | believing that one's culture is typical of all cultures; viewing one's own ethnic gourp as central and "correct" |
| Sample bias | when research participants are not representative of the larger population |
| random assignment | using chance methods to assign participants to experimental or control conditions, thus minimizing the possibility of biases or preexisting differences in the groups |
| participant bias | when the experimental conditions influence the participant's behavior or mental processes |
| descriptive research | research methods that observe and record behavior w/o preducing causal explanations |
| naturalistic observation | observation and recording of behavior in the participant's natural state or habitat |
| survey | research technique that questions a large sample of people to assess their behaiors and attitudes |
| case study | in depth study of a single research participant |
| correlational research | scientific study where the researcher observes or measures two or more variables to find the relationships between them |
| correlational coefficient | a number that indicates the degree and direction of the relationship between two variables |
| positive correlation | two variables move in the same direction (increase or decrease together) |
| negative correlation | two factors vary in opposite directions |
| zero correlation | no relationship b/w two variables |
| biological research | scientific studies of the brain and other parts of the nervous system |
Created by:
windk1