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AP Chem chapter four
definitions for chapter four AP
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| weak acid | acid that dissociates only slightly in aqueous solutions |
| weak base | base that reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions to only a slight extent in aqueous solutions. |
| molarity | number of moles of solute per volume of solution in liters |
| standard solution | solution whose concentration is accurately known |
| dilution | process of adding solvent to lower the concentration of solute in a solution |
| precipitation reaction | reaction in which an insoluble substance forms and separates from the solution |
| precipitate | solid that forms in a precipitation reaction |
| formula equation | equation representing a reaction in solution showing reactants and products in undissociated form whether they are strong or weak electrolytes. |
| complete ionic equation | equation shows all substances that are strong electrolytes as ions |
| spectator ions | ions present in solution that do not participate directly in a reaction |
| net ionic equation | an equation for a reaction in solution, where strong electrolytes are written as ions, shoeing only those components that are directly involved in chemical change |
| acid | substance produces hydrogen ions in solution; a proton donor |
| base | substance that produces hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution; a proton acceptor |
| neutralization reaction | an acid-base reaction |
| volumetric analysis | process involving titration of one solution with another |
| titration | technique in which one solution is used to analyze another. |
| stoichiometric (equivalence) point | point in a titration when enough titrant has been added to react exactly with the substance in solution being titrated. |
| indicator | chemical that changes color and is used to mark the end point of a titration |
| endpoint | point in a titration at which the indicator changes color |
| oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction | reaction in which one or more electrons are transferred |
| oxidation state | concept that provides a way to keep track of electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction according to certain rules. |
| oxidation | increase in oxidation state (loss of electrons) |
| reduction | decrease in oxidation state (gain of electrons) |
| oxidizing agent (electron acceptor) | reactant that accepts electrons from another reactant |
| reducing agent (electron donor) | reactant that donates electrons to another substance to reduce the oxidation state of one of its atoms. |
Created by:
mrsklann
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