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Stack #2032758
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Conditioning procedure in which the US is an event that an organism approaches or seeks out? | Appetitive Conditioning |
| Conditioning procedure in which the US is an event that an organism avoids? | Aversive Conditioning |
| Conditioning procedure in which the onset of NS follows the onset of the US? | Backward Conditioning |
| A process whereby one stimulus that does not elicit a certain response is associated with a second stimulus that does; as a result, the first stimulus also comes to elicit a response? | Classical Conditioning |
| The response, often similar to the unconditioned response, that is elicited by the conditioned stimulus? | Conditioned Response |
| Any stimulus that, although initially neutral, comes to elicit a response because it has been associated with an unconditioned stimulus? | Conditioned Stimulus |
| Conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS preceds the onset of the US, and the two stimuli overlap? | Delayed Conditioning |
| The reappearance of a habituated response to a stimulus following the presentation of another, seemingly irrelevant novel stimulus? | Dishabituation |
| Conditioning procedure in which the NS is associated with the presentation of a US? | Excitatory Conditioning |
| A fixed sequence of responses elicited by a specific stimulus? | Fixed Action Pattern |
| The automatic response of jerking one's hand or foot away from a hot or sharp object? | Flexion Response |
| A decrease in the strength of an elicited behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus? | Habituation |
| Conditioning procedure in which the NS is associated with the absence or removal of a US? | Inhibitory Conditioning |
| A theory proposing that an emotional event elicits 2 competing processes: (1) an a-process (or primary process) directly elicited by the event, & (2) a b-process (or opponent process) that is elicited by the a-process & serves to counteract the a-process? | Opponent-Process Theory |
| The automatic positioning of oneself to facilitate attending to a stimulus? | Orienting Response |
| A relatively simple, involuntary response to a stimulus? | Reflex |
| A neural structure that underlies many reflexes and consists of a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron? | Reflex Arc |
| An increase in the strength of an elicited response following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus? | Sensitization |
| A specific stimulus that elicits a fixed action pattern? | Sign Stimulus or Releaser |
| Conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS and the onset of the US are simultaneous? | Simultaneous Conditioning |
| A defensive reaction to a sudden, unexpected stimulus, which involves automatic tightening of skeletal muscles and various hormonal and visceral changes? | Startle Response |
| Conditioning procedure in which the onset and offset of the NS precede the onset of the US? | Trace Conditioning |
| The response that is naturally elicited by the unconditioned stimulus without any prior learning? | Unconditioned Response |
| A stimulus that naturally elicits a response without any prior learning? | Unconditioned Stimulus |
| A sudden loud noise is likely to elicit a(n) ____ reaction, which is a reflexive defensive response to a sudden stimulus? | Startle |
| With repeated presentations of the emotional event, the b-process (Inc or Dec) in both ____ & ____? | Increases, Strength, Duration |
| Seeing a wasp land on your arm and then watching it as it stings you is an example of ___ conditioning procedure; noticing the wasp at the same moment that you feel the sting is an example of a ___ conditioning procedure? | Delayed, Simultaneous |
| When a subordinate dog submits to a threatening display from a dom dog, it will often roll over on its back&display its belly. This type of action sequence is called _,&the threatening display from the dom dog is called _ stimulus or _for these actions? | Fixed Action Pattern, Sign, Releaser |
| Classical conditioning is also known as P___ conditioning or ___ conditioning. In the latter case, the elicited behaviors are referred to as ___? | Pavlovian, Respondent, Respondents |
| The faint sound of a jackhammer several blocks away will likely result in _, but the extremely loud sound of a JH right outside your window may result in _. The moderately loud sound of the JH half a block away may result in a period of _ followed by _? | Habituation, Sensitization, Sensitization, Habituation |
| In general, aversive conditioning occurs _ readily than appetitive conditioning? | More |
| The most basic type of elicited behavior is the _, which is a simple, involuntary response to a stimulus? | Reflex |
| According to the opponent-process theory of emotion, b-processes are (Slow/Quick) to increase and (Slow/Quick) to decrease? | Slow, Slow |
| Imagine an eyeblink conditioning procedure in which the sound of a click is paire with a puff of air to the eye. Each pairing of the click and air puff during conditioning is referred to as _? | Conditioning Trial |
| Behaviors that are automatically drawn out by the stimuli that precedes them are referred to as _ behaiovrs? | Elicited |
| The reflexive action of pulling your hand away from a hot plate is activated through a _: a neural structure underlying simple reflexes that consists of a (in correct order) ___? | Reflex Arc, Sensory Neuron, Interneuron, Motor Neuron |
| Feeling a bite and then seeing the snake that bit you is an example of a _ conditioning procedure, which in this case may be (effective/ineffective) _ because the CS is a _ for a fear response? | Backward, Effective, Biologically Relevant Stimulus |
| You finally habituate to the faint sound of a jackhammer half a block away, such that you cease to notice it. The lights in your house then go out, at which point you again notice the sound of the jackhammer. This is an example of the process of _? | Dishabituation |
| Imagine an eyeblink conditioning procedure in which the sound of a click is paired with a puff of air to the eye. The puff of air is called the _ stimulus (abbreviated _), and the eyeblink that it elicits is called the _ response (abbreviated _). | Unconditioned Stimulus, US, Unconditioned Response, UR |
| In general, long term habituation is most likely to occur when the stimulus is presented at (narrowly/widely) _ spaced intervals; in this case, the ability to respond tends to recover (slowly/quickly) _ when the stimulus is no longer presented? | Widely, Slowly |
| When you open the refrigerator one evening, the putrid smell of rotten eggs made you feel nauseous. In Classical Conditioning terms, the putrid smell is a(n) _ stimulus that elicits a(n) _ response of nausea? | Unconditioned, Unconditioned |
| Inadvertently touching a hot object is likely to elicit a(n) _ response; the sound of a gunshot is likely to elicit a(n) _ response; the sound of someone talking behind you may elicit a(n) _ response? | Flexion, Startle, Orienting |
| Fixed Action Patterns are sometimes called _ behaviors because they are often unique to a certain species? | Species-Specific |
| The reflexive action of a dog pricking up its ears in response to a sound is an example of a(n) _ response, which consists of movements designed to facilitate_? | Orienting, Attending to a stimulus |
Created by:
Bla820